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• Your flash-drive uses a FirstChip “chipYC2019” USB controller. The only realistic way to bring it back to life is to reload (re-flash) the controller firmware with a dedicated FirstChip Mass-Production Tool (MPTool/APTool).
• The procedure is:
Warning – the MPTool process erases everything. If the data matters more than the stick, stop here and use a professional data-recovery lab.
Failure mechanism
• FirstChip controllers store their firmware inside the NAND itself. Sudden power loss, fake-capacity programming or NAND wear can corrupt that firmware.
• When corrupted the controller falls back to “ROM/Factory mode” and enumerates with VID = FFFF, PID = 1201 and capacity = 0 MB (“No Media”).
Mandatory hardware/firmware facts you must gather
Tool What you need
------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
ChipGenius • VID / PID (currently FFFF/1201)
• Controller part number (often shows as FC1179-QC, FC1189, etc.)
• NAND Flash ID (e.g. 0x983A98A3 – Kioxia 64-Gbit TLC)
USBDeview / Optional cross-check of descriptors
USBTreeViewThese four parameters tell the MPTool which firmware binary, timing tables and ECC settings to write.
Selecting the correct MPTool
• Repository: https://usbdev.ru/files/firstchip/ (login/translate if necessary).
• Filter by “FCxxxx” number you saw in ChipGenius – do not rely only on the marketing name “chipYC2019”.
• Prefer the newest build that still lists your Flash ID in Database\FCParam.ini; the February-2024 release (1.0.7.2) already includes most current Flash IDs. Keep 1–2 older builds handy – sometimes a different DLL revision works better.
Flashing sequence (example with FC_MPTool_1.0.7.2)
♦ Disable antivirus temporarily (MPTools use low-level drivers and are often falsely flagged).
♦ Right-click FCMPTool.exe → Run as Administrator.
♦ Plug the faulty drive directly into a rear-panel USB-2.0 port.
♦ Slot 0 will light up with VID=FFFF / PID=1201.
♦ Press ‘Setting’ → password usually blank, “320” or “123456”.
– Confirm that VID/PID fields match what you want the stick to report (you can keep default).
– Check that the Flash ID detected equals the one from ChipGenius.
– Select Mode = “Full Scan/Low-Level”.
♦ Save / Close → Start (or “Run”).
♦ Progress: [Erase] → [Scan Bad Blocks] → [Write FW] → 100 %.
♦ Status “PASS” (green) = success. The drive will re-enumerate with the correct capacity. Typical duration: 4-8 GB ≈ 3 min, 64-128 GB ≈ 15-40 min.
Post-flash verification
• Windows Disk Management will show the stick as “Unallocated”. Create an NTFS or exFAT partition.
• Run H2testw (Win) or F3 (macOS/Linux) to confirm that every byte can be written and read.
• If the reported capacity is smaller than the label the drive was probably counterfeit; the MPTool has now set the real physical size.
What if the tool does not see the stick?
• Try another USB port or PC (USB 3 controllers sometimes mis-behave in ROM-mode).
• Use a different MPTool build – recognition is DLL-dependent.
• Inspect the PCB – a cracked solder joint, burnt 3.3 V regulator or shorted data line will make software recovery impossible.
• Last-chance laboratory methods: ISP pads or direct NAND dump (PC-3000 Flash, SoftCenter, Flash Extractor). These require professional equipment.
• The FirstChip FC117x/118x family (marketed by some sellers as “YC2019/2020”) is still shipped in many low-cost, large-capacity sticks.
• Latest publicly leaked MPTool builds:
– v1.0.7.x branch (Jan–Apr 2024) adds Micron B47R, YMTC Xtacking and Kioxia 162-L NAND tables.
• Growing occurrence of “fake 1 TB/2 TB” sticks: the seller programs the firmware to lie; after a few GB they fail. The moment you re-flash with a genuine table the true size (often 32-64 GB) becomes visible. Regulators in EU/US are starting to act against such counterfeit shipments.
• Why ordinary OS tools cannot help: the controller must present a logical block device first; with corrupted firmware it never even reaches SCSI/MSC level, so DiskPart, dd, fsck, etc. see “No media”. The MPTool talks to the controller in vendor-specific test mode over endpoint 0.
• Low-level format vs quick format: the MPTool’s low-level routine re-calculates logical-to-physical mapping, sets up wear-levelling pools and updates Bad Block Table – operations that the OS has no access to.
• Analogy: think of the controller as an SSD inside a USB shell; reflashing the MPTool is like loading a fresh firmware onto an SSD with a UART factory jig.
• Personal data: reflashing destroys all remaining NAND pages – be sure you own the data or have permission to wipe it.
• Counterfeit capacity drives violate consumer-protection laws; reselling them after knowing the real capacity can be considered fraud.
• Firmware images on forums are often under NDA; redistribute only within licensing terms.
• Always keep two spare, known-good USB sticks for data shuttling; never rely on a single no-name drive.
• Maintain at least one offline backup (3-2-1 rule) – flash media wear out unpredictably.
• If you repair multiple sticks, create a folder tree “FirstChip/FC1179/2024-02-07_tool” to avoid mixing firmware and parameter files.
• Document every VID/PID & Flash ID before and after – invaluable when a stick returns or if warranty questions arise.
• Success is not guaranteed; if the NAND itself is worn-out (too many bad blocks) the MPTool will abort or finish with a usable but much smaller capacity.
• Each run rewrites the firmware region – excessive experimenting can accelerate NAND wear.
• Some FirstChip controllers have OTP/password protection; those require signed firmware unavailable to the public.
• Investigate open-source replacements for vendor MPTools to allow better transparency (similar to flashrom on SPI NOR).
• Study counterfeit detection algorithms that compare label vs. physical capacity automatically at purchase time.
• Monitor upcoming USB4 flash devices; new controllers (e.g., Phison U21, Silicon Motion SM2320) integrate NVMe-like features that change the recovery workflow.
To revive a FirstChip chipYC2019 flash-drive that shows 0 MB/“No Media” you must: