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• The three tools most frequently used today to flash OpenBeken firmware to Bouffalo-Lab BL602/BL604 devices are
pip install bflb-iot-tool) – official Python CLI; suited for scripting and CI. • For Magic-Home-class RGB controllers or other devices that still run the factory OTA loader, the “Magic Home Flasher” Android app can perform a fully wireless flash and is the easiest method if it is supported by the target.
• All methods require the BL602 to be in UART-boot mode (GPIO8 pulled HIGH during reset) and a 3.3 V USB-to-UART dongle unless you use the OTA method.
BL602 boot process
– BOOT pin = GPIO8. High at reset ⇒ internal ROM loader listens at 2 000 000 Bd (auto-baud tolerant) on UART0 (GPIO7 = TX, GPIO6 = RX). Low ⇒ boot from QSPI flash.
Firmware image format
– OpenBeken release images for BL602 come pre-padded with the Bouffalo “bootheader” and need no further conversion.
– Default load address: 0x0000. Devices with 2 MB flash normally flash a single 256 kB–512 kB image; larger images use the standard partition table in the provided .toml.
Tool comparison
ltchiptool
• GUI & CLI, Windows/macOS/Linux, Risc-V/ARM chips.
• One-click “Download”, “Read back” and “Erase all”.
• Automatically selects flash parameters when you choose “Bouffalo BL602/604”.
• Integrated backup function: ltchiptool -c bl602 --read flash.bin --size 0x200000.
BLDevCube
• Official vendor GUI. Requires the .toml file shipped in OpenBeken repo (“bl602_2m_openbeken.toml”).
• Good for factory production because it supports OTP, eFuse and secure-boot options.
• Windows builds are most stable; Linux/macOS occasionally need manual FTDI / CP210x permissions.
BFLB-IoT-Tool
• CLI, installable with Python ≥3.7.
• Typical command:
bflb-iot-tool -c bl602 --port COM4 --baudrate 2000000 --firmware openbeken_bl602.bin flash.
• Advantage: can be integrated into Makefile / GitHub Action.
Magic Home Flasher (OTA)
• APK on GitHub (kruzer/mhflasher).
• Discovers LEDnet-XXXX AP, uploads OpenBeken over Wi-Fi using the manufacturer’s HTTP update endpoint.
• Limited to devices whose factory firmware still exposes that endpoint; if update was disabled, UART remains the only path.
Hardware setup
– USB-UART @ 3.3 V, GND common.
– Cross TX/RX (PC-TX → BL602 RX (GPIO6), PC-RX ← BL602 TX (GPIO7)).
– Hold GPIO8 → 3.3 V, reset-toggle EN/RST, release after the loader prints “Boot2 BL602…”.
Typical flashing session with ltchiptool (GUI)
• Chip: “Bouffalo Lab BL602/604”
• Port: auto-detected
• Firmware: openbeken_bl602_X.Y.Z.bin
• Baud: 2 000 000 Bd (drop to 921 600 if errors)
• Options: tick “Erase all before download” on the first flash.
• Press “Do the job!” → ~10 s for 512 kB.
First boot & OpenBeken provisioning
– After power-cycle with GPIO8 low, the module starts an AP named OpenBL602_xxxxxx.
– Connect and browse to 192.168.4.1, or use mDNS openbeken.local after Wi-Fi setup.
• Community momentum has shifted toward ltchiptool, because it unifies Bouffalo, Beken and WinnerMicro devices under one UI and automatically supplies the correct boot header.
• Bouffalo-Lab released BFLB-IoT-Tool v1.9 (2024-02) with improved BL602/BL604 CRC checks and Python 3.12 support.
• Work is in progress to add WebSerial flashing (browser-based) for BL602 similar to ESP Web Flasher, but it is not production-ready yet.
• Why pull GPIO8 HIGH, not LOW?
The BL602 boot ROM samples GPIO8; HIGH selects UART-ISP. Some early blog posts showed it grounded—those instructions were copied from ESP8266 workflows and are incorrect for Bouffalo.
• Flash header vs. raw ELF
BL602 cannot accept an ELF directly. Vendor tools insert the boot-header, partition table and CRC; OpenBeken’s pre-built .bin already contains them, so you can write @ 0x0000.
• Ensure the device is yours or flashing is permitted by the owner.
• Some commercial products lose their radio type-approval once the original firmware is replaced; verify local regulations before deploying modified IoT devices.
• Always back up the factory image (--read) before your first erase.
• Use a quality USB-UART; the ROM loader is sensitive to timing glitches above 1 Mbaud.
• If flashing at 2 Mbaud fails, try 1 M or 921 600.
• Power supply must source ≥250 mA at 3.3 V; many cheap CH340 dongles cannot—feed external 3.3 V if needed.
• Devices with 1 MB flash (rare) need the smaller OpenBeken build and a different .toml.
• OTA flashing (Magic Home Flasher) ceases to work once OpenBeken is installed; UART remains the recovery route.
• Follow the LibreTiny Discord for nightly ltchiptool releases and beta WebSerial experiments.
• Watch Bouffalo-Lab’s bl_docs repo for upcoming BL602 secure-boot extensions that may affect future flashing procedures.
• Study OpenBeken’s platform_bl602 source to understand boot-header generation if you plan to compile your own images.
Use ltchiptool for the simplest cross-platform experience, or BLDevCube / BFLB-IoT-Tool if you prefer Bouffalo’s official utilities; OTA “Magic Home Flasher” is convenient for supported LED controllers. Put GPIO8 high, connect a 3.3 V USB-UART, erase, write the OpenBeken .bin, power-cycle, and configure over the auto-started Wi-Fi AP.