Czy wolisz polską wersję strony elektroda?
Nie, dziękuję Przekieruj mnie tamhow to connect speakers in parallel
To connect speakers in parallel:
For two speakers on one amplifier channel:
Amplifier + ─────┬──── Speaker 1 +
└──── Speaker 2 +
Amplifier - ─────┬──── Speaker 1 -
└──── Speaker 2 -This puts both speakers directly across the same amplifier output.
The critical check is impedance: parallel speakers reduce the total load impedance. For example:
Your amplifier must be rated to drive the resulting impedance.
In a parallel speaker connection, every speaker receives the same amplifier output voltage. Electrically, all positive terminals are connected together and all negative terminals are connected together.
You can wire it in either of these equivalent ways:
┌──── Speaker 1 +
Amplifier + ────┤
└──── Speaker 2 +
┌──── Speaker 1 -
Amplifier - ────┤
└──── Speaker 2 -Amplifier + ───── Speaker 1 + ───── Speaker 2 +
Amplifier - ───── Speaker 1 - ───── Speaker 2 -Both methods are electrically parallel as long as all positives are connected together and all negatives are connected together.
Turn off and unplug the amplifier.
Never wire speakers while the amplifier is powered.
Identify the amplifier channel.
For example, use only the left channel terminals if you are connecting speakers to the left channel. Do not bridge left and right outputs together.
Connect positives together.
Connect the amplifier’s red or positive terminal to the positive terminal of Speaker 1 and Speaker 2.
Connect negatives together.
Connect the amplifier’s black or negative terminal to the negative terminal of Speaker 1 and Speaker 2.
Check polarity.
Make sure every speaker has the same polarity: amp + to speaker +, amp - to speaker -.
Calculate the total impedance before turning on the amplifier.
For speakers of equal impedance:
\[ Z{\text{total}} = \frac{Z{\text{speaker}}}{N} \]
where:
Examples:
| Speakers connected in parallel | Total impedance |
|---|---|
| Two 8 Ω speakers | 4 Ω |
| Two 6 Ω speakers | 3 Ω |
| Two 4 Ω speakers | 2 Ω |
| Four 16 Ω speakers | 4 Ω |
| Four 8 Ω speakers | 2 Ω |
For different speaker impedances:
\[ \frac{1}{Z_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{Z_1} + \frac{1}{Z_2} + \frac{1}{Z_3} + \dots \]
Example: one 8 Ω speaker and one 4 Ω speaker in parallel:
\[ \frac{1}{Z_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{8} + \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{8} \]
\[ Z_{\text{total}} = \frac{8}{3} \approx 2.67 \ \Omega \]
That is a low load and may be unsafe for many home amplifiers.
This is the most important safety point.
Parallel wiring lowers impedance, which makes the amplifier deliver more current. If the impedance is too low, the amplifier may:
Check the amplifier label or manual for something like:
Speaker impedance: 4 Ω minimumor:
Use speakers 8 Ω to 16 ΩYour total parallel impedance must be equal to or greater than the amplifier’s minimum rated load.
Examples:
| Amplifier rating | Speaker setup | Safe? |
|---|---|---|
| 4 Ω minimum | Two 8 Ω speakers in parallel = 4 Ω | Yes |
| 4 Ω minimum | Two 4 Ω speakers in parallel = 2 Ω | No |
| 8 Ω minimum | Two 8 Ω speakers in parallel = 4 Ω | Usually no |
| 2 Ω minimum | Two 4 Ω speakers in parallel = 2 Ω | Yes, if specified |
A useful rule: if you do not know the amplifier’s minimum impedance rating, do not assume it can handle a low-impedance parallel load.
If the speakers have the same impedance, they will share power approximately equally.
For example, two identical 8 Ω speakers in parallel on one amplifier channel will each receive approximately the same power.
If the speakers have different impedances, the lower-impedance speaker draws more current and receives more power. For example, a 4 Ω speaker in parallel with an 8 Ω speaker will draw about twice the power of the 8 Ω speaker, assuming both receive the same voltage. This can cause uneven loudness and possible speaker damage.
Keep speaker polarity consistent.
Correct:
Amp + → Speaker 1 +
Amp + → Speaker 2 +
Amp - → Speaker 1 -
Amp - → Speaker 2 -Incorrect:
Amp + → Speaker 1 +
Amp - → Speaker 1 -
Amp + → Speaker 2 -
Amp - → Speaker 2 +If one speaker is wired backward, it will be electrically out of phase with the other. One cone moves outward while the other moves inward. This often causes weak bass, poor stereo imaging, and cancellation.
Before connecting to the amplifier, you can use a digital multimeter set to resistance mode.
Measure across the two wires that will connect to the amplifier.
Important: a multimeter measures DC resistance, not nominal speaker impedance. The measured resistance will usually be lower than the rated impedance.
Typical examples:
| Nominal speaker load | Approximate DC resistance reading |
|---|---|
| One 8 Ω speaker | About 5.5–7 Ω |
| Two 8 Ω speakers in parallel | About 3–4 Ω |
| One 4 Ω speaker | About 3–4 Ω |
| Two 4 Ω speakers in parallel | About 1.5–2.5 Ω |
If the meter reads nearly 0 Ω, you may have a short circuit. If it reads open circuit or OL, you may have a broken connection.
Most home stereo receivers are comfortable with 8 Ω loads, and many can drive 4 Ω loads. Fewer are designed for 2 Ω loads. Therefore:
Many car amplifiers are designed for lower impedances, such as 4 Ω, 2 Ω, or sometimes 1 Ω, especially subwoofer amplifiers. Still, you must check the amplifier’s specification.
Parallel wiring is common, but for many-speaker installations, consider:
Do not use simple parallel wiring if:
In those cases, consider series wiring, series-parallel wiring, or an impedance-matching transformer/speaker selector.
To wire speakers in parallel, connect all positive terminals together and all negative terminals together. The amplifier positive goes to every speaker positive, and the amplifier negative goes to every speaker negative.
The main rule is:
\[ Z_{\text{total}} = \frac{Z}{N} \]
for identical speakers.
So two 8 Ω speakers become a 4 Ω load. Make sure your amplifier is rated for that load before powering it on.