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• Install/energise the switch, reset it into pairing mode (LED flashes).
• In the Tuya Smart / Smart Life app press “+ Add device”, choose “Switch (Wi-Fi/Zigbee/BLE)” and follow the on-screen wizard.
• Use EZ-Mode (fast blink) first; if that fails, switch to AP-Mode (slow blink) and join the switch’s temporary “SmartLife-xxxx” hotspot.
• Enter the credentials of a 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and wait until the app reports “Added successfully”.
• Rename the switch, assign it to a room, update its firmware and test ON/OFF.
Key points
– 2.4 GHz only, phone and router close to the switch.
– Reset = long press 5-10 s or three quick presses depending on model.
– If model “7321N”: long-press the rocker until red/blue LED blinks rapidly, then proceed as above.
Electrical installation
• Isolate mains, follow the wiring diagram: Line-IN, Load-OUT, Neutral (most Tuya switches need it), Earth.
• Check with a multimeter before re-energising.
• Confirm the indicator LED lights up – proves that the electronics are powered.
Network preparation
• Tuya Wi-Fi devices support IEEE 802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz only. Disable “Band Steering” or create a dedicated 2.4 GHz SSID if your router merges 2.4 & 5 GHz.
• WPA2-PSK is recommended; complex characters in SSID/password occasionally break onboarding – keep them simple for first pairing.
• DHCP must be enabled; reserve an IP later for stability.
Pairing modes
• EZ-Mode (a.k.a. SmartConfig): LED flashes rapidly (~2 Hz). The app multicasts the network key and the module listens in monitor mode – fastest method, but fails in noisy RF or mesh/enterprise WLAN.
• AP-Mode: trigger a second long-press so LED slows (~0.5 Hz). The module creates an AP “SmartLife-xxxx”. Phone associates to it, HTTP posts credentials. More reliable behind firewalls or when multicast is blocked.
• BLE-Assist (newer WB3S/WB32 modules): phone uses BLE to hand over credentials automatically; just enable Bluetooth and location on the handset.
• Zigbee switches: hold button 5 s until LED flashes; join from your Zigbee hub or from the Tuya gateway in the app.
Step-by-step (Wi-Fi switch, EZ-Mode)
Typical failure points & remedies
• LED not blinking → switch not powered or wrong reset sequence.
• “Device not found” after 100 % → phone on 5 GHz; move to 2.4 GHz.
• Completes but offline later → RSSI < -70 dBm; use extender/mesh node.
• Router blocks multicast/UDP 6666/6667 → try AP-Mode or temporarily disable client isolation.
Theory of operation
• Tuya Wi-Fi modules (CB2S, WR3, WB3S) run an ESP8266/RTL8720DN with modified SmartConfig stack.
• During pairing, the module stores SSID/PWD in flash, requests token from Tuya cloud (AWS China/Frankfurt/Virginia depending on region) via TCP → TLS 443.
• Voice-assistant linking (Alexa/GA) uses OAuth to authorise skills/scenes.
Practical applications
• After onboarding, create schedules, inching, interlock or “smart scenes”.
• Link multiple switches for 2-way control without extra travellers by using cloud automations or local MCU-passthrough (for models supporting multi-gang association).
• Latest Tuya firmware (≥ V1.2.0) supports WPA3-Mixed and Bluetooth-Assist, reducing failures on mesh routers (2023-2024 rollout).
• Matter-over-Wi-Fi variants are appearing; pairing will shift to Matter commissioning with QR codes.
• Local control is improving: Tuya Edge Gateway and open-source projects (Open-Tuya, Tasmota-Lite) allow local MQTT after OTA-free conversions but void warranty.
• Analogy: EZ-Mode acts like “shouting” the password in Morse code on all Wi-Fi channels; the unconfigured switch “listens” until it hears the right phrase. AP-Mode instead creates its own tiny “desk” where you walk over and write the password on a note.
• Hidden reset options: some wall switches have a small pin-hole next to the rocker; others use a triple-tap of the load paddle (OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF in 8 s). Always consult datasheet.
• Compliance: installation must follow IEC 60669-2-1 / NEC 404 for switchgear; a licensed electrician is required in many jurisdictions.
• Safety: switching neutral instead of live may leave the luminaire energised – verify polarity.
• Privacy: Tuya cloud collects device telemetry. Review privacy policy, consider region-locking your account to minimise data export.
• Security: change default device name, keep firmware updated, use segregated IoT VLAN if possible.
• Keep phone, router, switch within 2 m during pairing; EMI from metal boxes can attenuate signal.
• Disable mobile data to force the app to stay on WLAN during AP-Mode.
• If using mesh, temporarily power off all but the primary 2.4 GHz node to avoid roaming glitches.
• Store the device’s MAC for future router whitelisting; label the breaker for easy power-cycling.
• Legacy Android ≤ 6 may not support the multicast packets required; use a newer device or AP-Mode.
• Some ISP-supplied routers block UDP 6669 (device discovery); pairing off a phone hotspot (2.4 GHz) can be a workaround, then change Wi-Fi via “Device Info → Wi-Fi Settings”.
• For high-load inductive circuits (> 10 A) verify derating; many Tuya relays are rated 10 A resistive, 3 A inductive.
• Investigate Tuya’s new “Cube” local-mesh protocol for BLE sub-devices.
• Evaluate flashing open firmware (Tasmota/ESPHOME) for local MQTT control; requires opening the switch and using a USB-TTL adapter.
• Monitor Matter adoption timelines to future-proof your installation.
• Study IEC 62368-1 for safe SELV power-supply design in retro-fit modules.
Pairing a Tuya smart switch involves powering and resetting the device, then using the Tuya Smart/Smart Life app to transmit your 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi credentials in EZ-Mode or AP-Mode. Keep the phone on the same band, watch the LED (fast blink = EZ, slow blink = AP), and follow the wizard until the device appears online. If problems arise, verify wiring, Wi-Fi band, signal strength, and router settings, or fall back to AP-Mode/Bluetooth-Assist. Observe electrical safety laws and keep firmware current for security and reliability.
