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• First decide whether Windows can see the hardware at all (Device Manager / Disk Management / diskpart
).
• If it is visible, fix the usual Windows-side problems: missing drive letter, corrupt file-system, outdated or conflicting USB drivers, power-management.
• If it is invisible on more than one PC, the flash-drive’s controller or NAND is almost certainly dead; replace the stick or send it for professional data-recovery.
USB enumeration chain
a. VBUS → device pulls D+ to announce FS/HS.
b. Windows loads the generic USB mass-storage (usbstor.sys) driver; no SanDisk-specific driver is required.
c. A SCSI-transparent layer (partmgr.sys, disk.sys) exposes a “Disk drive”.
d. The volume manager assigns a drive letter.
Typical failure modes for VID 0781 / PID 5575 (Cruzer Glide)
• Port / cable / hub issues → device never enumerates.
• Win10 “Selective-Suspend” leaves the interface in low-power after wake-up.
• Conflicting registry entries for VID_0781 leading to Code 10 / Code 43.
• Volume table corruption → device shows in Disk Management as RAW / Unallocated.
• Controller degradation (the Glide uses a Phison PS2251-03 or ‑07 in most lots) → completely invisible even on Linux.
Systematic diagnostic flow
diskpart list disk
set devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1
→ View › Show hidden → uninstall greyed devices. Recovery / repair options when the stick is detected but unreadable
• SanDisk Official Formatter (SD Card Formatter works as well) – quick-format to exFAT.
• Data-first strategy: TestDisk/PhotoRec, R-studio, EaseUS.
• If S.M.A.R.T. inquiry over USB returns abnormal CRC or write-error counts, retire the media.
When hardware is dead
• No enumeration on any PC, no 5 V-LED blink → controller failure.
• Professional labs remove the TSOP48/BGA 132 NAND and read it off-board; costs often exceed the value of the data.
• SanDisk lifetime/5-year warranty (region-dependent) covers replacement but not data.
• Latest cumulative updates for Windows 10 (22H2, KB5034763 Feb 2024) fixed several USB selective-suspend timing bugs—apply all updates first.
• Intel USB4/TBT drivers (Jan 2024) and AMD 21H2 chipset pack resolve intermittent enumeration on USB-A ports driven by the USB4 controller.
• SanDisk no longer distributes SecureAccess for Cruzer; drives ship plain UMS.
• Why generic drivers are enough: USB mass-storage uses Class 08 / Subclass 06 (SCSI-transparent). Windows’ usbstor.inf
matches every VID/PID in that class.
• Drive-letter collisions: corporate images often reserve A–F for network shares; removable gets no letter and disappears from Explorer.
• Selective suspend: Windows suspends an idle interface; if the device’s resume handshake violates the 10 ms requirement, Win10 logs Code 43.
Examples
• A user with VID_0781&PID_5575 saw Code 10 after upgrading to an Intel USB 3.1 host driver; rolling back to Microsoft 10.0.19041.1883 fixed it.
• On Dell Latitude laptops the front USB-C port is routed via a lower-power tree; moving the Cruzer to the rear USB-A cured random disconnects.
• Handling personal data recovered from the flash-drive is subject to GDPR/CCPA in many regions—technicians must obtain written consent.
• Firmware tools found on forums may violate SanDisk licensing and can brick the device; use official utilities only.
• Always inform users that formatting destroys data; obtain approval before destructive actions.
Potential challenges
• Drive becomes “Write-protected”: often symptomatic of impending controller failure; low-level format utilities seldom help.
• Corporate endpoint security may block removable storage—check with IT if StorageDevicePolicies\Deny_Write
is enforced via GPO.
• All destructive steps ( diskpart clean
, re-partition, format ) erase data—proceed only after verifying backups or accepting data loss.
• Some Cruzer Glides manufactured 2017-2018 used a firmware that can lock itself in read-only mode when NAND wear reaches 10 %—irreversible.
• Monitor USB bus with Microsoft USB View or Wireshark’s USBPcap to analyse enumeration timing.
• Explore UASP vs BOT mode behaviour on modern USB4 hosts.
• Investigate open-source flash-controller firmware (e.g., Sigrok fx2lafw) for educational purposes.
Resources
• Microsoft Docs – “Debugging USB Devices on Windows 10”.
• SanDisk knowledge base article ID 000002421 (“USB drive not detected in Windows 10”).
• NIST SP 800-88 for sanitisation procedures.
A Cruzer Glide (VID 0781 / PID 5575) missing in Windows 10 is almost always either
(1) a Windows-side issue (driver, power management, or drive-letter conflict) that can be fixed by re-installing USB controllers, assigning a letter, and disabling selective suspend, or
(2) a hardware failure of the stick itself, confirmed when it is invisible on several computers. Work through the non-destructive software checks first; if they all fail, assume hardware loss, secure any critical data through a recovery service if needed, and replace the drive.