Tuya T34 BK7231N Mini Smart Switch: Module Details, Flashing, and Pinout
User question
mini smart switch with t34 on board
Artificial Intelligence Response
Direct answer to the question
- “T34” on a mini smart switch almost certainly denotes Tuya’s T34 Wi‑Fi/BLE module that integrates a Beken BK7231N SoC. It provides the wireless MCU; it is not the power‑switching element (relay/triac). (developer.tuya.com)
- Typical use: a 90–264 VAC smart relay module where the T34 handles Wi‑Fi/BLE and GPIOs for the relay, LED(s), and push‑button(s). Many hobbyists reflash these with OpenBeken or ESPHome (LibreTiny) for local control. (elektroda.com)
Key points
- Silicon: BK7231N, 120 MHz, ~2 MB flash, 256 KB RAM; the module is a 6×6×0.85 mm LGA “chip‑on‑board” package. (developer.tuya.com)
- UART1 pins for service/flash: P10=RXD (pad 25), P11=TXD (pad 26); power 3.0–3.6 V (3.3 V nominal). (developer.tuya.com)
- OTA exploit (Tuya‑Cloudcutter) can work on some firmware builds but many newer builds are patched; fallback is UART flashing. (elektroda.com)
Detailed problem analysis
Architecture inside a “mini smart switch”
- Control domain (SELV, ~3.3 V): T34 (BK7231N) module + status LED(s) + local button + level shifting as needed. The T34’s GPIOs drive a transistor that energizes an electromechanical relay coil in most “mini switch” SKUs; dimmer variants use a triac plus zero‑cross driver, but that is a different product class. (elektroda.com)
- Power domain (mains): AC→low‑voltage supply (buck/capacitive + LDO) and the relay/triac that actually switches the load. The T34 itself never switches mains. (elektroda.com)
What the “T34” module is (and isn’t)
- Is: a Tuya Wi‑Fi/BLE module built around BK7231N. Datasheet lists supply, pins, and RF/MCU capabilities; package is LGA 6×6 with 36 pads. (developer.tuya.com)
- Isn’t: an ESP8266/ESP32 module; binaries for ESP chips won’t run. Use OpenBeken or ESPHome’s LibreTiny (bk72xx) targets instead. (github.com)
Pinning and common roles seen in mini switches (examples)
- Community teardowns of T34‑based mini switches commonly map:
- Relay drive on P15 or P26
- Button on P10/P24
- LED on P6/P8
Exact pins vary by board revision; confirm on your PCB. (elektroda.com)
Boot/flash behavior (critical details)
- Service UART is on P10/P11 (pads 25/26). To enter download mode, tools typically wait while you power‑cycle 3.3 V; “CEN” on T34 is not a hardware reset per Tuya’s datasheet, so don’t rely on it for boot‑strapping. (developer.tuya.com)
- Verified community methods: try Tuya‑Cloudcutter first; if patched or unsupported, use wired UART at 3.3 V to flash OpenBeken/ESPHome. Some boards hide pads; users resort to hot‑air lifting or pogo fixtures. (elektroda.com)
Why some OTA attempts fail today
- Tuya has shipped patched BK7231N/BK7231T firmware families that block Cloudcutter. Lists of known patched versions are maintained; if your build matches, serial flashing is required. (github-wiki-see.page)
Current information and trends
- Hardware trend: Tuya is moving from larger module cans (CB2S/CB3S) to compact CoB/LGA parts like T34 to cut cost and footprint; community reports note increasing prevalence of T34 in low‑cost switches/plugs. (solution.tuya.com)
- Firmware trend (2024–2025): more devices ship with patched TuyaOS builds closing OTA exploits; local‑control projects (OpenBeken, LibreTiny/ESPHome) are mature and actively maintained. (github-wiki-see.page)
- Tooling: OpenBeken supports T34/BK7231N directly; ESPHome uses LibreTiny “generic-bk7231n-qfn32-tuya” board profile. (github.com)
Supporting explanations and details
- Electrical basics from the T34 datasheet:
- Supply: VBAT 3.0–3.6 V (typ. 3.3 V); UART1 on P10/P11; multiple PWM/I2C/SPI peripherals; Wi‑Fi b/g/n 2.4 GHz and BLE. (developer.tuya.com)
- Example ESPHome skeleton for BK7231N/T34 (select pins to match your board):
- In ESPHome: bk72xx: board: generic-bk7231n-qfn32-tuya; then define GPIOs for relay/button/LED. (esphome.io)
- Flash size note: BK7231N units are commonly 2 MiB; build systems may show ~1.0 MiB available for app due to partitioning/OTA scheme—this is normal. (reddit.com)
Ethical and legal aspects
- In the United States, modifying firmware or hardware on a listed device can void UL/ETL listing and may violate local electrical code if the device is then permanently installed in a wall box. Only qualified persons should service mains equipment; de‑energize and verify absence of voltage before opening. If you need a listed, code‑compliant solution, prefer certified smart switches and avoid altering them.
Practical guidelines
- Identify your board:
- Look for a small square LGA “T34” module marking and an external relay. Photograph both sides for pin tracing. (elektroda.com)
- Choose a flashing path:
- Try Tuya‑Cloudcutter first; if your firmware appears on the patched list or profiles fail, proceed with UART. (github-wiki-see.page)
- UART flashing checklist:
- Isolate from mains completely; power T34 with a clean 3.3 V source.
- Connect USB‑UART (3.3 V logic): Adapter TX→P10, RX→P11, GND→GND; power‑cycle 3.3 V when the tool prompts for bootloader.
- Use OpenBeken or LibreTiny/ESPHome BK7231N builds; do not flash ESP8266/ESP32 binaries. (github.com)
- After flashing:
- Map GPIOs (relay/button/LED) using a known template from reports of your exact model, or probe interactively. Enable Wi‑Fi power save if recommended for your board. (elektroda.com)
Possible disclaimers or additional notes
- Board‑to‑board variance is common: pad access, pin assignments, and presence of energy‑monitor ICs differ by vendor/batch. Photos or a part number help narrow exact wiring. (elektroda.com)
- Some dimmer‑type modules use triacs and aren’t pin‑compatible with relay modules; ensure you identify the product class before applying templates. (elektroda.pl)
Suggestions for further research
- Consult the Tuya T34 module datasheet for pinout, electrical limits, and the “CEN” note. (developer.tuya.com)
- Review OpenBeken docs/repo for T34/BK7231N flashing guidance and ready device templates. (github.com)
- If going the ESPHome route, read LibreTiny board docs and examples for generic‑bk7231n‑qfn32‑tuya. (docs.libretiny.eu)
- Check Cloudcutter’s known‑patched lists before attempting OTA. (github-wiki-see.page)
Brief summary
- In mini smart switches, “T34” designates Tuya’s BK7231N‑based Wi‑Fi/BLE module. It handles connectivity and logic; the load is switched by a separate relay/triac on the PCB. For local control you can use Cloudcutter where supported or fall back to 3.3 V UART flashing with OpenBeken or ESPHome (LibreTiny). Verify pin roles per your board revision and follow mains‑safety and code‑compliance practices. (developer.tuya.com)
If you can share clear photos (both sides) or a model number, I can identify the UART pads, propose a safe GPIO map, and outline an exact flashing procedure for your unit.
Disclaimer: The responses provided by artificial intelligence (language model) may be inaccurate and misleading. Elektroda is not responsible for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the presented information. All responses should be verified by the user.
User question
vreau sa instalez openbeke pe un mini smart switch cu cip t34 folosind cloudcutter am firmware ver 1.0.0(1.4.0) asa afiseaza tuya app pe mobil. ce imi recomanzi?
Artificial Intelligence Response
Direct answer to the question
Detailed problem analysis
Current information and trends
Supporting explanations and details
Ethical and legal aspects
Practical guidelines
Varianta A – test rapid Cloudcutter (opțional) 1) Pregătire:
Varianta B – UART (recomandat) 1) Echipament:
Troubleshooting rapid
Possible disclaimers or additional notes
Suggestions for further research
Brief summary
Dacă vrei, trimite poze cu placa (față‑verso) și îți indic exact pad-urile T34 pentru RX/TX/3V3/GND și o configurație GPIO de start pentru mini‑switch‑ul tău.