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The pin configuration depends on the USB connector family:
The core USB 2.0 signals are usually:
| Pin | Signal | Function |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VBUS | +5 V power |
| 2 | D− | USB 2.0 differential data − |
| 3 | D+ | USB 2.0 differential data + |
| 4 | GND | Ground |
For Mini/Micro USB, a fifth ID pin is added.
For USB 3.x, extra SuperSpeed TX/RX differential pairs are added.
For USB-C, there are additional CC, SBU, multiple VBUS/GND, and high-speed lane pins.
These are the classic 4-pin USB connectors.
| Pin | Signal | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VBUS | +5 V |
| 2 | D− | Data − |
| 3 | D+ | Data + |
| 4 | GND | Ground |
| Pin | Signal | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VBUS | +5 V |
| 2 | D− | Data − |
| 3 | D+ | Data + |
| 4 | GND | Ground |
Engineering note:
Electrically, USB 2.0 Type-A and Type-B carry the same four basic signals. The difference is mainly mechanical form factor and intended role:
Typical legacy wire colors in many USB 2.0 cables are:
These colors are common but should not be treated as a guaranteed rule in all cables.
A common point of confusion is that Mini-USB and Micro-USB are 5-pin connectors, not 4-pin.
| Pin | Signal | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VBUS | +5 V |
| 2 | D− | Data − |
| 3 | D+ | Data + |
| 4 | ID | OTG identification |
| 5 | GND | Ground |
| Pin | Signal | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VBUS | +5 V |
| 2 | D− | Data − |
| 3 | D+ | Data + |
| 4 | ID | OTG identification |
| 5 | GND | Ground |
The ID pin is mainly used in USB On-The-Go (OTG) applications:
This allowed small devices such as phones or cameras to act either as a USB device or as a limited host.
USB 3.0/3.1 Gen 1/USB 3.2 Gen 1 keeps the original USB 2.0 pins and adds five SuperSpeed pins, making 9 total.
| Pin | Signal | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VBUS | +5 V |
| 2 | D− | USB 2.0 Data − |
| 3 | D+ | USB 2.0 Data + |
| 4 | GND | Ground |
| 5 | SSRX− | SuperSpeed Receive − |
| 6 | SSRX+ | SuperSpeed Receive + |
| 7 | GND_DRAIN | Signal return / drain |
| 8 | SSTX− | SuperSpeed Transmit − |
| 9 | SSTX+ | SuperSpeed Transmit + |
USB 2.0 uses one half-duplex differential pair: D+ / D−.
USB 3.x adds separate TX and RX pairs for full-duplex high-speed communication.
USB 3.x Type-B also has 9 pins, but the SuperSpeed transmit/receive naming is swapped relative to the host/device perspective.
| Pin | Signal | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VBUS | +5 V |
| 2 | D− | USB 2.0 Data − |
| 3 | D+ | USB 2.0 Data + |
| 4 | GND | Ground |
| 5 | SSTX− | SuperSpeed Transmit − |
| 6 | SSTX+ | SuperSpeed Transmit + |
| 7 | GND_DRAIN | Signal return / drain |
| 8 | SSRX− | SuperSpeed Receive − |
| 9 | SSRX+ | SuperSpeed Receive + |
Practical note:
This is why USB 3.x Type-B connectors have that distinctive “tall” shape.
This connector was commonly used on external hard drives. It combines the normal 5-pin Micro-B section with an added SuperSpeed section.
| Pin | Signal | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VBUS | +5 V |
| 2 | D− | USB 2.0 Data − |
| 3 | D+ | USB 2.0 Data + |
| 4 | ID | OTG / identification |
| 5 | GND | Ground |
| 6 | SSRX− | SuperSpeed Receive − |
| 7 | SSRX+ | SuperSpeed Receive + |
| 8 | GND_DRAIN | Signal return / drain |
| 9 | SSTX− | SuperSpeed Transmit − |
| 10 | SSTX+ | SuperSpeed Transmit + |
USB-C is the most complex and flexible connector. It has 24 pins, arranged in two mirrored rows so the plug is reversible.
| Pin | Signal | Description |
|---|---|---|
| A1 | GND | Ground |
| A2 | SSTXp1 | SuperSpeed TX+ lane 1 |
| A3 | SSTXn1 | SuperSpeed TX− lane 1 |
| A4 | VBUS | Power |
| A5 | CC1 | Configuration Channel 1 |
| A6 | D+ | USB 2.0 D+ |
| A7 | D− | USB 2.0 D− |
| A8 | SBU1 | Sideband Use 1 |
| A9 | VBUS | Power |
| A10 | SSRXn2 | SuperSpeed RX− lane 2 |
| A11 | SSRXp2 | SuperSpeed RX+ lane 2 |
| A12 | GND | Ground |
| B1 | GND | Ground |
| B2 | SSTXp2 | SuperSpeed TX+ lane 2 |
| B3 | SSTXn2 | SuperSpeed TX− lane 2 |
| B4 | VBUS | Power |
| B5 | CC2 | Configuration Channel 2 |
| B6 | D+ | USB 2.0 D+ |
| B7 | D− | USB 2.0 D− |
| B8 | SBU2 | Sideband Use 2 |
| B9 | VBUS | Power |
| B10 | SSRXn1 | SuperSpeed RX− lane 1 |
| B11 | SSRXp1 | SuperSpeed RX+ lane 1 |
| B12 | GND | Ground |
Multiple VBUS and GND pins are used to:
The Configuration Channel pins are essential for:
Even USB-C still supports the legacy USB 2.0 pair:
In many receptacles, corresponding D+ pins are internally connected together, and same for D−.
Used for alternate modes, such as:
USB-C supports one or more high-speed lanes depending on cable, host, and protocol:
In modern products, USB-C is the dominant connector because it integrates:
From an engineering standpoint, the trend is away from older:
and toward:
A practical consequence is that for USB-C, a “pinout table” alone is no longer enough; proper design also requires understanding:
You can think of USB evolution as:
So the connector went from a simple peripheral interface to a general-purpose power/data/video interconnect.
Pin tables can vary depending on whether the drawing refers to:
This is a very common source of wiring mistakes.
When designing or repairing hardware, always verify:
In real hardware, the metal shell/shield is also important:
This is not usually counted in the “pin count,” but it matters in PCB layout and compliance.
With a multimeter, you can usually verify:
For USB-C, breakout boards are strongly recommended because the connector is dense and easy to probe incorrectly.
If you want, I can also provide: