FAQ
TL;DR: For embedded careers, start with C/C++; use Python for fast prototyping. 64/128‑bit math crops up, and “execution speed can be estimated before building hardware.” [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678837]
Why it matters: This FAQ helps students, hobbyists, and engineers choose the right language and tools for embedded systems.
Quick Facts
- C often builds the smallest, fastest binaries, but it lets you do dangerous low‑level things. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678827]
- Employers expect C; many courses teach C++ first, then C, before deployment. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678833]
- Python is intuitive and rapid to write, yet slower and less supported on MCUs. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678827]
- 32‑bit targets may provide 64‑bit long long, but behavior depends on compiler. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678836]
- Algorithms are paramount: “the underlying algorithm…is most important, not the actual language.” [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678830]
What’s the best language to learn first for embedded systems?
Learn C first, then C++. C maps closely to hardware and toolchains are mature. C++ adds safer abstractions and useful patterns. Python is great for prototyping, but MCU support and performance trail C/C++. Choose based on project constraints and platform. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678827]
Which language do employers actually ask for in embedded jobs?
C is the baseline. Many teams model algorithms elsewhere, then port to C/C++ for deployment. Some programs teach C++ first, then C, to show what not to use on constrained targets. “You really need to know C.” [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678833]
Is algorithm choice more important than language choice?
Yes. Good algorithms dominate outcomes in performance and reliability. As one expert put it, “the underlying algorithm…is most important, not the actual language used.” Design first, then implement in the most suitable language. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678830]
Is C really faster and smaller than Python on microcontrollers?
Typically, yes. C compiles to tight machine code and exposes memory control. Python prioritizes developer speed and readability, which adds runtime overhead. For real‑time or low‑power designs, C/C++ usually win on throughput and size. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678827]
How do I decide between C and C++ on an MCU?
Use C for bare‑metal drivers and critical paths. Use a constrained subset of C++ for safer types, RAII, and templates where they reduce code and bugs. Many teams mix both, keeping low‑level code in C. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678828]
Can I use Pascal or BASIC for embedded projects?
Yes, niche compilers exist. Pascal offers strong typing and avoids heavy pointer work. Some BASIC compilers for AVR yield code sizes comparable to C. Evaluate ecosystem and vendor tool support before committing. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678829]
Why do some engineers still write assembly in embedded?
Assembly helps prove timing and size before hardware arrives. It enables precise control over instruction sequences. One engineer noted you can estimate execution speed pre‑hardware for hard real‑time needs. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678837]
How do I multiply two 32‑bit integers and keep a 64‑bit result in C/C++?
Cast operands to 64‑bit types, multiply, and store in a 64‑bit variable (e.g., long long or int64_t). Note: availability and exact sizes can be compiler dependent on 32‑bit targets. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678836]
Is there a quick way to choose a language for my embedded project?
Try this: 1. Define real‑time, memory, and power limits. 2. Map drivers and critical code to C; use C++ for safer structure if allowed. 3. Prototype high‑level logic in Python, then port hot paths to C/C++. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678827]
What is Tuya?
Tuya is a global AI/IoT cloud platform and ecosystem for building and managing connected products, offering SDKs, device OS, and cloud services. “GLOBAL AI CLOUD PLATFORM SERVICE PROVIDER.” ["About Tuya | Tuya Smart"]
What is an Arduino Nano?
Arduino Nano is a compact microcontroller board in the Nano family, used for breadboard‑friendly embedded projects and available with multiple MCU options. See Arduino’s Products overview for the Nano lineup. ["Arduino Hardware — Products"]
What is OpenBeken?
OpenBeken is open‑source firmware replacing Tasmota/ESPHome on BK72xx and similar chips. It supports OTA updates, MQTT/Home Assistant, scripting, and multi‑relay control. Useful for Tuya‑based devices. ["GitHub - codekow/OpenBeken"]
What is CAN bus?
CAN bus is an automotive/industrial serial bus standard (ISO 11898). Classic CAN runs up to 1 Mbit/s; CAN FD up to 8 Mbit/s. It enables prioritized, reliable ECU communication over differential wiring. ["CAN bus"]
Is starting with C++ then learning C a good strategy?
Yes. Teaching C++ first can highlight safer constructs and then show which features to avoid on constrained systems when moving to C. Some programs use this pathway successfully. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678833]
Any edge cases I should watch when doing big‑integer math on embedded targets?
Yes. 64‑bit types on 32‑bit MCUs may rely on compiler extensions; performance varies. Verify type sizes, promotion rules, and library support before relying on 64‑bit math in critical loops. [Elektroda, Anonymous, post #21678836]
