Explain Bridge rectifier Circuit and how it works?
A bridge rectifier circuit is a type of electrical circuit that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, into direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known as rectification.
The bridge rectifier is made up of four diodes in a bridge arrangement. The arrangement provides the same polarity of output for either polarity of input.
Working of a Bridge Rectifier:
1. When input AC signal is applied, during the positive half cycle the top end of the transformer secondary winding is positive, which makes diodes D1 and D2 forward biased, while D3 and D4 are reverse biased and current flows along the path D1-load-D2.
2. During the negative half cycle, the bottom end of the transformer secondary winding is positive, making diodes D3 and D4 forward biased, while D1 and D2 are reverse biased. The current now flows along the path D3-load-D4.
This way, both the positive and negative half cycles of the input AC signal generate the same positive polarity across the load resistor.
Do note that because the diodes are semiconductor devices, they do have a voltage drop across them during conduction which is typically around 0.7V for silicon diodes. That's why the output voltage of the bridge rectifier circuit is less than the input voltage by twice the voltage drop of the diodes.
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