Why Are SK100, SL100, 2N222 Transistors Overheating in My H Bridge Motor Circuit?

The SK100 and SL100 transistors, along with 2N222 transistors, are overheating in the H-bridge motor driver circuit because they are not suitable for the current demands of the motor. SK100 is a medium power PNP transistor with a maximum collector current of 100mA and power dissipation of 500mW, which is insufficient for typical motor currents that can reach up to 250mA or more. This causes excessive heating and failure to deliver the expected output. The recommended solution is to replace these transistors with power transistors capable of handling higher collector currents, such as the D880, which supports up to 3A collector current. Additionally, the circuit design should ensure correct transistor types are used in the H-bridge: PNP transistors for Q3 and Q5, and NPN for Q4 and Q6, to avoid improper biasing and operation issues. Alternatively, using an integrated motor driver IC like the LM293, which includes an inbuilt H-bridge, can simplify the design and improve reliability.
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