I cant tell you to much about atiny Ive not used one before but you could apply latteral thinking to how you might develop this on pic mico First of all you would need some type of display output
This might be leds, lcd, 7 or 14 segment display
Next you would need to decide on number of password characters This would include a descision with regards alpha characters,numerical only or both
With reference to the above point you need to determine total byte size so as to be able to store and read this characters back
You might also conciders some type of internal encription, decription method for your password
In the same instance you might possibly also concider random address storage as you would with file io on a pc
Now we move to storage and where to store You have two options either you use internal eeprom or opt for external eeprom in which case you need to research memory devices and communication protocols
You need also to consider How you initially write password to your storage eeprom and detect if this has been changed with possible date stored at the same time
User interactions
How would you interface with users example button sequences with obvious display indication
A time out or retry for password entries
Tamper proofing Ask "what if this happens? " Taking each case and formulating your answers to provide solutions in each case
Checking password
How would you read this back in and into what Error checking, timeouts, retry attempts or match no match
Finally hardwire security again asking "What if ", Dealing with each case
After completion all tests rendering true then obviously what you are going to switch access etc and of course finally back up powe supply
low supply voltage levels brown out detection watch dog detection and may be even sleep functions keeping current consumption as low as possible if there is no interaction from user
You might within the above consider audible, visual and possibly raising telephone calls sms messages emails and other forms of identifying breach
If you are dealing with software interfaces for example software keys with usb interface,serial interface, parrallel interface How ever or what evere your final implementation Then obviously you would also need to take into account this framework as well
Those a few ideas for you to get started with