What Happens When Generator and Transformer Supplies Are Connected Without Synchronization?

Connecting a generator and transformer power supplies without proper synchronization can cause severe electrical faults, including explosions or "blasts." Key synchronization requirements for parallel operation include matching voltage magnitude, identical phase sequence, zero phase angle difference between corresponding phases, and a slightly higher no-load frequency in one generator to prevent it from acting as a motor. Failure to meet these conditions can result in violent mechanical and electrical stresses due to out-of-phase connection, causing enormous counter torque, mechanical coupling failure, hydrogen leakage in generators, and ground loop issues. Protective relays and reverse power relays are critical to detect mismatches and disconnect faulty supplies to prevent damage. Improper switching of phase pairs or neutral connections can also trigger catastrophic failures. Auto transfer switches are used in emergency power systems to automatically start generators and transfer loads during transformer power failures, ensuring safe and synchronized power supply transitions.
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