Thank you for the quick reply.
I'll try and let you know how it went.
As for the diode and electrolytic capacitors, I have already reached the same conclusions.
However, replacing electrolytic capacitors with higher voltage ones can be troublesome, due to the heat sink above them, so I will not touch them at first. I will replace the zener diode, raise the voltage to 14V and check the power supply under load.
Edit1:
I replaced the 13V zener diode with a regulated zener diode and set it to 15V.
I connected a 22K potentiometer to the R410 resistor.
After starting the power supply, I set the output voltage to 14.1V.

I loaded the power supply with a 6.6? resistor (current about 2A) and the output voltage increased to 14.5V. So the regulation works, but not as it should. The feedback is "too strong". I am asking for advice on how to correct it. Maybe increasing the R402 resistor will help?
Additionally, the R277 resistor, which preloads the 12V line, needs to be replaced with a stronger one.