At the end of the 1980s (Cortanin was a novelty then) I painted some metal elements, red, but without loose rust, twice, the second time after the first layer had dried, and then heated while still wet, or you can say baked on an electric cooker plate. These elements were not covered with any other paint after this treatment, and to this day they look as if they were covered with a colorless varnish and so far no new traces of corrosion can be seen. I also used a reactive primer used in car varnishing, but the metal was probably too little ore because after a year, the acrylic lacquer, exposed to weather conditions, went away together with the primer. With the brunox preparation, the story was that it created a nice surface for the varnish, but after some time it fell off together with the rust layer in places where it could not be removed thoroughly. As you can see, there are many different methods and only the right choice for specific conditions will give a good effect and you will not be able to do without your own attempts, an extremely important condition to read the instructions for use and strictly stick to it