Antenna polarization on BTSs - vertical / horizontal or slant?

Friends,
How is it with antenna polarization on BTS?
There is information that for LTE you need an antenna with slant polarization, that is + 45 ° and -45 °. They differ from H / V polarization antennas only by the mount rotated by 45 °. Such antennas are commercially available, but the ones with the vertical / horizontal polarization mount still do not disappear.

Do you know of any official (or not) sources confirming that they actually use skew? If so, whether the use of a slant depends on:
1.frequency - in the sense that the polarity is different at 800 and at 900, 1800, 2100, 2600MHz?
2nd technology - different for 3G and different for LTE? *
3. the launch date of a given BTS - in the sense that they introduced the slant recently?
4. operator?

*) which would cause the signal to drop when the modem switches from LTE to 3G

The only source I have found so far is a copy of the btsy.eu website which no longer exists:
https://web.archive.org/web/20140214150206/http://www.btsy.eu/anteny.html
... but it is nowhere said that every operator uses a skew, nor is there any detail on either band or technology.

[added:]

I called the operators' hotline - the result is known:
Plus - they don't know, there were some guesses
Play - they don't know, they advised to experiment, but ordered to send an email
Orange - I don't know the chat on the website, I still have to call, but from a different phone than I have, because from Orange you have to pay for the call to Orange Customer Service
T-Mobile - they do not know and send technical assistance to the paid number 708-477-242 (2.10 PLN / min + VAT)

It would be good to ask a technician or a masters mountaineer, or an engineer, as long as they are not prohibited from speaking, but I don't know anyone.

Thanks in advance for any information.

Why bother? Isn't it better to use a ready-made antenna? http://www.dipol.com.pl/oferta-telefonia-komorkowa-anteny-gsm-3g-lte-lte,4953.htm

Szyszkownik Kilkujadek wrote:

Why bother? Isn't it better to use a ready-made antenna? http://www.dipol.com.pl/oferta-telefonia-komorkowa-anteny-gsm-3g-lte-lte,4953.htm

You did not understand the question. The author wants to use a ready antenna and ask how to fix it.
Each 2-pole antenna will be so constructed that it receives a signal from 2 polarities oriented at 90 degrees to each other. But the question is whether the transmitter polarization planes are vertical and horizontal to the ground or at an angle of 45 degrees to the ground (x or +).

Ready antenna will receive the signal incorrectly, but it will be weaker.

Some transmitters / operators have used, do they use? oblique polarization (cross). And as you can see, the operators themselves do not see it, at least the helplines are designed to catch sheep and claim payments.

Well, yes, but you set the antenna based on the actual results (signal strength measurements) and not the operator's declaration?

m.jastrzebski wrote:

Each 2-pole antenna will be so constructed that it receives a signal from 2 polarities oriented at 90 degrees to each other. But the question is whether the transmitter polarization planes are vertical and horizontal to the ground or at an angle of 45 degrees to the ground (x or +).

That's exactly what I mean!

Szyszkownik Kilkujadek wrote:

Well, yes, but you set the antenna based on the actual results (signal strength measurements) and not the operator's declaration?

Ok, but not everyone has a locksmith and welding workshop - it happens that the antenna can be turned by 90 ° and effectively attached, but you can not turn it 45 ° using the factory holder (I have seen only single models with articulated ball mounting, not with a bolt to the pipe). So it would be nice to buy the right one right away. And to know what the correct one is, it is worth knowing the theory of when is H / V and when is 45 ° slant. Plus cases when someone changes the operator or moves and looks for another BTS - can it turn out that the existing antenna will do nothing without modifications?

Or such a case:
A router that has a GSM gateway in it (not to be confused with a VoIP gateway!). An ordinary fax / telephone is attached to it and it is on the number with the SIM. I buy a polarization antenna like the LTE transmitter has (let's assume that I get to it experimentally) and the internet is spinning. The phone starts ringing, so the router goes from LTE to 3G to be able to establish a voice connection (because it does not support VoLTE - Voice over LTE). So it switches to a completely different BTS antenna. And this other antenna may have, for example, H / V polarization, and not "slant", so the internet breaks me off. - This is a theoretical case, and I would like to know how real it is. Maybe someone has already done it and share their experience.

Szyszkownik Kilkujadek wrote:

Well, yes, but you set the antenna based on the actual results (signal strength measurements) and not the operator's declaration?

I haven't seen antennas that have some nice spinning mechanism at 45 degrees each side. For measurement, you can hold the search for se in your hand, but then you usually have to screw it up somehow.

It's not a satellite dish, where you need to align it with an accuracy of degrees. Knowing the polarity and the direction of the BTS can be set by eye and it will be fine. Nothing needs to be measured and the signal strength analyzed. That is, you can compare whether this or that BTS gives a stronger signal and that's it.

There are holders for pitched roofs:

This is how it looks on the building:

You can also easily adjust it.

m.jastrzebski wrote:

I haven't seen antennas that have some nice spinning mechanism at 45 degrees each side. For measurement, you can hold the search for se in your hand, but then you usually have to screw it up somehow.

I just saw it, but it is a minority, and they have other disadvantages. For example, some of these antennas are:
- way
- crap (spending PLN 200 to have a muffled signal after a year is money down the drain)
- for one band (e.g. only 800MHz - you change the operator and buy a new one)
- not available with cables of appropriate length and plugs (you need connector = dB loss, or you need to have something to tighten)
- with an N socket - convenience, but most N plugs are crimped on the cable (crimp), not clamped, so the water goes into the cable anyway, even though the connector itself has a seal. So at the start you have to change the plugs to your own.
- when there is no N connector, only a permanent cable, then when turned by 45 °, water may flow into the antenna or it may not have any way out.

Regulation, but modest. Mast curve compensation rather than full 45 °: Lipa - this is only from tilt adjustment. I got a bad look.


Great regulation (if it's not rivets, just screws), but if the antenna is great, I don't know. When I see white cables, I have an association: PVC, not PE, so after a year there is water in the cable:


Even better, because smooth tilt adjustment, but with 14 screws on the back of the housing, will it not take on water and after turning it will not be able to release it near the cable?


There is also a choice there.
Some of these drawbacks are a bit of a force. Because in general, I do not mean to buy a perfectly universal antenna and spin it, but to know what the polarization of BTSs is (at individual operators, on specific bands and technologies), to buy it immediately proper antenna, even and unregulated (rigidly polarized).

I would just carry a 45 ° adapter with me and mount it if there was a problem.

Apart from that I do not know if something like this exists ... I do not mean the available hardware solutions to mount the antenna in any way, but knowledge on the polarities used by operators.
Well, maybe someone else will add something else.

Well, I will not get from the operators. That's why I'm asking here. There is Elektroda, there is bez-kabli.pl, there is jdtech.pl, there are people associated with BTSearch, and the operators' technical staff themselves. Someone might answer.

But you won't get this knowledge from operators. Although, maybe I'm wrong. Good luck.

It doesn't matter that much, it certainly won't cut your internet off because of it

I asked on the Telepolis forum and someone gave me the catalogs of the Kathrein company, which produces BTS antennas:
https://cosconor.fr/GSM/Divers/Equipment/Kathrein/ " target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener ugc" class="postlink inline" title="" > https://cosconor.fr/GSM/Divers/Equipment/Kathrein/
It turns out that in 2002 they were doing oblique polarization. They also produce with vertical, they did not do with horizontal. It's hard to say how much V is left, but looking at the date and the fact that the world goes in MIMO, probably most of the antennas are X-cross. It is also strange that they are still selling H / V, and the operators do not inform about anything. Unless on the H / V housing, and a slanted one in the middle. I can't see the polarization there by the appearance of the microstrip antenna.
Anyway - the topic seems to be solved . But I'm not closing - maybe someone else will add something.
Thanks for the discussion.