Difference Between Rheostat and Potentiometer: Functions, Wiring, and Applications

A rheostat is a two-terminal variable resistor primarily used to control high power currents, typically above 1 watt, by adjusting resistance in power circuits such as DC motor drives and electric welding controls. It is often constructed with resistance wire wound on a heat-resistant cylinder, with a sliding wiper or metal fingers to vary the tapping point. In contrast, a potentiometer is a three-terminal device functioning as a variable voltage divider, commonly used in low power applications under 1 watt, such as volume controls. Although both devices can be implemented using a three-terminal variable resistor, the rheostat uses only two terminals (wiper and one end), while the potentiometer uses all three terminals to provide variable voltage output. Rheostats limit current flow, whereas potentiometers provide adjustable voltage without significant current limitation.
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