Wiring 20 LEDs: Series vs Parallel, Resistor Values, Power Supply Recommendations

The discussion addresses powering 20 LEDs effectively, focusing on wiring configurations, resistor selection, and power supply considerations. Connecting LEDs in parallel often causes uneven brightness, some LEDs not lighting, or damage due to current imbalances. A recommended approach is to arrange LEDs in series strings (e.g., 4 rows of 5 LEDs each) with a single resistor per series string, then connect these strings in parallel. This method balances voltage drops and current distribution. Using LEDs of the same color ensures uniform forward voltage, simplifying resistor calculations. The input voltage must be sufficient to cover the total forward voltage of each series string plus resistor drop; a 12V DC supply is commonly used. For large LED arrays, constant current sources can compensate for LED forward voltage variations and improve reliability. The importance of understanding LED forward voltage differences, especially with mixed colors, and the impact on resistor sizing and current division is emphasized. Additional resources and practical examples are referenced for further guidance.
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