I have not seen a book that teaches analog design process. To me it is more like an art using techniques and building blocks picked up over the years. The closest I have seen to teaching process is reading a book like Bob Pease's Troubleshooting Analog Circuits which is filled with his (highly regarded) thoughts on why his approach is what it is.
http://www.amazon.com/Troubleshooting-Analog-Circuits-Design-Engineers/dp/0750694998 Another Pease offering is:
http://www.amazon.com/Analog-Circuits-World-Class-Designs/dp/0750686278And diving deeper, Jim Williams'
http://www.amazon.com/Science-Analog-Circuit-Design-Engineers/dp/0750670622 Now if you are looking to learn about the building blocks, you would be interesed in filters, computing circuits, and transistor level design. A lot of this info is available from device manufactureres:
TI's Op Amp Applications, document: sboa092a.pdf
Analog Devices published Philbrick Applications:
http://www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/archives/philbrick/computing_amplifiers.pdf (warning, 75MB file size)
Op Amp Applicaitons from ADI:
http://www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/archives/39-05/op_amp_applications.zipWhen you say synthesis, I tend to think you are thinking more integrated circuit design. My only experience here is
http://www.amazon.com/Design-Analog-CMOS-Integrated-Circuits/dp/0072380322