PSpice ERROR: Voltage Source and Inductor Loop Involving E_U2 During Simulation

The discussion addresses a PSpice simulation error indicating a voltage source and inductor loop involving the component E_U2, suggesting the addition of series resistance to break the loop. The root cause was identified as schematic issues including unused nodes, shorted resistors and voltage sources, and opamps driving each other's outputs, which is invalid. The user, with a background in hydraulics, was advised to redesign the circuit using proper summing opamp configurations and to study opamp theory. Further guidance highlighted the importance of correct inverting and non-inverting input connections to avoid positive feedback and common mode voltage problems. The user’s circuit models a rainfall-runoff process with voltage sources representing rainfall inputs. Subsequent simulation results showed unexpected negative voltages from some sources, attributed to incorrect summing amplifier design and voltage source polarity. Recommendations included using inverting summing amplifiers with possible output inverters to correct voltage polarity and ensuring all voltage sources are oriented correctly to produce positive outputs as intended.
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