Hello. There are many solutions:
1) On a real circuit, you can use a thermometer and measure the different temperatures. Then report the temperatures on the PCB figure, on the computer, and color accordingly. You will get a heat map.
2) You can use a heat gun or an infrared thermal camera, to read the various temperatures
3) In simulation, you can use SOAtherm models, which give support for the thermal characteristics of some power components (with LTspice)
4) Some software gives the ability to measure operating temepratures (for example, in MicroCap)
5) You can simulate the temperature of a single component using FEN software (For example, PrePoMax). You have to create a 3D model of the component, to scale, provide the correct materials, the correct ambient temperatures, and the powers involved.
CIao.
Giovanni Di Maria