My opinion is this. To let go of such fun, it's a waste of time. But if you insist, a simple solution is a ready-made dummy cassette for this purpose, to be bought on Allegro for not so much money.
And when it comes to connecting to the tape recorder head, you would have to build a signal splitter. On the head you have a signal of about 1mV and let's assume about 1V from the CD output. The difference is considerable, not to mention the correction of the characteristics. It can't play well.
Maybe it would be easier to suggest something if you described the integrated circuits used in this radio dummy.
And the best advice would be to look for an original player for your car on the exchanges, in the advertisements, which has such an entrance.
Write what car you have, maybe I can advise you on an inexpensive and good model that is worth looking for. May it not be just a toddler, because there were no factory players except Safari2 and Tramp.

Many Blaupunkts had such an input at the rear, and for example the Renault version called G4 had a Jack socket on the front panel.
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