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Non-Conductive Liquids: Distilled Water & Electrical Safety at 230V Voltage

masteriusz 60768 31
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Can distilled water be used as an insulating liquid for 230 V electrical equipment?

No—distilled water is not a reliable insulating liquid for 230 V equipment; use transformer oil or mineral oil instead [#3900168][#3900425][#3904254] Distilled water may initially seem nonconductive, but it quickly loses those properties if it is exposed to air, dust, or electrode material, and dissolved CO2 makes it more conductive over time [#3900184][#3900263][#3900425] One reply notes that if the water is not tightly closed, it is no longer truly distilled and becomes contaminated [#3900263] For this kind of immersion cooling, the thread repeatedly recommends transformer oil, available from electrical wholesalers for a few zlotys per liter [#3900168][#3900263]
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  • #1 3900157
    masteriusz
    Level 21  
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    Hello, can someone tell me how happy you are will not conduct electricity (230v)
    will distilled water work?
    Best regards and thank you in advance for your help ;]
    Moderated By skryn:

    I transferred from "Others".

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  • #2 3900168
    Qbuś
    Level 38  
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    100% transformer oil, no water.
  • #3 3900184
    majonez1990
    Level 14  
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    Distilled water will also not conduct electricity
  • #4 3900210
    masteriusz
    Level 21  
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    Qbuś wrote:
    100% transformer oil, no water.

    where can you get it, what price ??

    majonez1990 wrote:
    Distilled water will also not conduct electricity

    will distilled water left to external factors (air, sun, etc.) start to conduct? it is a high voltage of 230V so I want to be 100% sure;]
  • #5 3900263
    Qbuś
    Level 38  
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    You can buy oil in most wholesalers with electrical (energy) equipment, the price is about a few zlotys / liter. As for distilled water, if it is not tightly closed, it is not clean anymore (dust, dust, etc.), after some time it loses its distilled properties.
  • #6 3900399
    fysiek
    Level 24  
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    The oil, at least the one I use at work to fill the transformers, costs about PLN 7 per liter. As a colleague wrote above, ask in good electrical equipment stores, I also saw offers on the internet. Remember transformer oil is hygroscopic, i.e. it absorbs moisture. You will find some oil (about 200ml) in a bottle-top ignition coil and old oil capacitors - in a metal housing.
  • #7 3900425
    serwal
    Level 20  
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    majonez1990 wrote:
    Distilled water will also not conduct electricity

    Due to its polar nature, distilled water is not suitable for use as an insulating liquid. Without going into detail, after inserting a conductive material into it and applying a current to it, quite quickly some of the electrode material will dissolve, ionize and impart conductivity. In addition, distilled water is an aggressive liquid with a pH around 5 (dissolving CO2 and creating carbonic acid), which accelerates the transfer of the electrode atoms into the solution (obtaining conductivity)
    It is possible to retain the properties of water as an insulator, but it is difficult and very gentle. Better to use a different liquid.
  • #8 3900614
    x69.qve
    Level 2  
    Posts: 4
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    Hello. I am the author of the topic (on a friend's account), but as one of the users wrote to me that I would specifically describe what I want to use this isolator for, I set up an account and writes :) .
    Well, I want to use one of the liquid insulators to cool the computer: i.e. flood all computer components - of course, except for drives and disks :) - when it comes to the power supply, it depends on whether the insulator is suitable for it ... so please provide the best fluid that I could use. thank you in advance and best regards.
    ps. I am asking for contact details for a given product. :)
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  • #9 3901437
    serwal
    Level 20  
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    I read about it somewhere.
    Maybe look in the Comps section.
  • #10 3901926
    woytekp
    Level 26  
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    Motorized is enough :-)



  • #12 3902513
    Shanleaf
    Level 17  
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    However, I read somewhere that mineral oil is the best for such purposes ...
  • #13 3903420
    apistograma
    Level 13  
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    Motor oil, not really. This requires a liquid that absorbs heat quickly and adds heat quickly. Distilled water heats up for a long time and gives the temperature for a long time. On the other hand, the oil heats up quite quickly, but it does not give off heat quickly. Rather, lean towards engine coolants.
  • #14 3903901
    Anonymous
    Anonymous  
  • #15 3903910
    tronics
    Level 38  
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    Cooling fluids in engines are usually quite aggressive in nature ... too aggressive to cool the electronics. I think that if you use mineral oil and force the liquid to move, it should do the job. The oil hardly evaporates, the heat transfer surface would be quite large, all components would be cooled.
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  • #16 3903924
    żarówka rtęciowa
    Level 38  
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    How about propylene glycol.
  • #17 3903946
    Quarz
    Level 43  
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    Hello,
    żarówka rtęciowa wrote:
    How about propylene glycol.

    from the description I read OVER THERE , I would prefer not to have this substance at home ...

    greetings
  • #18 3903955
    woytekp
    Level 26  
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    apistograma wrote:
    Motor oil, not really. This requires a liquid that absorbs heat quickly and adds heat quickly. Distilled water heats up for a long time and gives the temperature for a long time. On the other hand, the oil heats up quite quickly, but it does not give off heat quickly. Rather, lean towards engine coolants.



    The phenomenon of heating and heat dissipation is symmetrical, i.e. the liquid gives off heat as quickly as it heats up (vide -> specific heat)


    The video I posted should be treated with a grain of salt in my opinion, although as you can see the cheapest engine oil did its job and the computer worked. The liquid in such a system is designed to transport heat from the hottest elements and transmit it to the housing and surroundings. If the casing was thermally insulated, the computer, despite being flooded with liquid, could overheat.
  • #19 3904254
    WaWrzOL
    VIP Meritorious for electroda.pl
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    For this purpose, with normal finances, only transformer oil. From time to time, at computer fairs, a presentation of such a system is shown - I do not remember the name of the company. Also, the topic is not innovative and there were already approaches to it from different angles. You can also try it with a spray preparation, which supposedly after applying a layer to the electronics creates a coating on it that insulates from water and moisture.
  • #20 3905179
    Anonymous
    Anonymous  
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  • #21 3908670
    AdrianZ
    Level 17  
    Posts: 217
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    Better to give up on it. It's too dangerous a substance to stand right next to me at work.
  • #22 3910318
    hacker92
    Level 11  
    Posts: 10
    my friend cools the processor in a similar way ... I will ask him later what he does
  • #23 3910482
    Rychuu
    Level 21  
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    I also plan to flood the computer with a power supply in some liquid. Maybe not so much that it has great cooling, because the equipment is worth a few pennies (pentium II 400), but a little for satisfaction and thinks that you have something special at home ;)
    In general, there would be a way to flood everything, but I read somewhere on the forum in a similar topic that the disk is not tight, since the disk is not tight and water will get there, how come the crossbow does not get there? A moment ago, I unscrewed the electronics from the disk, it looks like there is one circular tape next to the electronics, the upper metal part is screwed on but through the gasket, the screw holding the heads is under the sticker, the electronics connector is embedded in the plastic, so is the disk not tight?
    Somewhere, I had a broken disk and it seems to me that I will have to drown it ;-)

    @U.P.
    And this colleague above is how much it cools the computer?
  • #24 3910502
    woytekp
    Level 26  
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    With these disks it may depend on the specific manufacturer or even model. For example, I have an old WD disk and there is a ventilation window under the PCB with electronics, glued with a very dense mesh - a dust filter that would surely let the liquid inside.
  • #25 3911133
    x69.qve
    Level 2  
    Posts: 4
    Rate: 1
    Each disc has a barometric filter that equalizes the pressure of the air inside the disc can with the pressure of the environment. the barometric filter does not let "garbage" out of the air. but the fluids will certainly let them through. however, it may turn out that the disk, even in oil (but not too thick), will work better than the outside ... but I think that then the top cover of the disk should be removed and then it "drowned" ... it's worth trying :)
    greetings
  • #26 3911166
    woytekp
    Level 26  
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    x69.qve wrote:
    Each disc has a barometric filter that equalizes the pressure of the air inside the disc can with the pressure of the environment. the barometric filter does not let "garbage" out of the air. but the fluids are sure to let them through. however, it may turn out that the disk, even in oil (but not too thick), will work better than the outside ... but I think that then the top cover of the disk should be removed and then it "drowned" ... it's worth trying :)
    greetings


    I don't think my friend thinks about flooding the disc with oil !!! Once they rotate at high speed, even at 10,000 rpm (usually 7200), two heads move at a minimum distance over the surface of the disk on the so-called air cushion, three arm with the head make very quick movements - in oil it cannot work properly !!!
  • #27 3922624
    x69.qve
    Level 2  
    Posts: 4
    Rate: 1
    woytekp: will try sometime by the way :) 10000 rpm, 15000 rpm are SCSI drives only have ... normal (S) ATA up to 7200 .. difficult to judge without checking how it will behave :)
  • #28 3924954
    tronics
    Level 38  
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    WD Raptor is 10k rpm and is not SCSI capable.
    When it comes to cooling the disk, my colleague probably wrote above not to immerse it completely, but that the side walls (where most heat is emitted from what I remember) are immersed in the liquid.
    Besides, probably all drives can work in vertical position.
  • #29 3925671
    x69.qve
    Level 2  
    Posts: 4
    Rate: 1
    in the June chip there is a report from the google test on disks .. it turns out that the lower the temperature of the disk, the higher its susceptibility to errors and damage .. warm disks - up to 45 C they have greater durability and resistance ... I recommend the medicine :) greetings
  • #30 4199385
    its_me
    Level 12  
    Posts: 11
    Rate: 6
    apistograma wrote:
    Motor oil, not really. This requires a liquid that absorbs heat quickly and adds heat quickly. Distilled water heats up for a long time and gives the temperature for a long time. On the other hand, the oil heats up quite quickly, but it does not give off heat quickly. Rather, lean towards engine coolants.

    When it comes to water, it is one of the best refrigerants due to the fact that it has almost the greatest heat capacity, i.e. it has almost the best properties in terms of receiving, transferring and giving off heat. And the fact that it "warms up for a long time and gives back for a long time" is its advantage. greetings

Topic summary

✨ The discussion centers on the use of non-conductive liquids, particularly distilled water, for electrical insulation at 230V. While distilled water is initially non-conductive, it can become conductive over time due to contamination and its polar nature, which allows for ionization when conductive materials are introduced. Transformer oil is recommended as a more suitable insulating liquid due to its stability and non-hygroscopic properties. Users also discuss various cooling methods for computer components, emphasizing the importance of using appropriate fluids that do not compromise electrical safety. Alternatives like mineral oil and propylene glycol are mentioned, with caution advised regarding their aggressive nature and suitability for electronics.
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FAQ

TL;DR: Ultrapure water (<0.1 µS cm-1) withstands 230 V only until contamination; “one fingerprint can raise its conductivity 1 000×” [Elektroda, serwal, post #3900425] ASTM-rated transformer oil offers ≈12 kV mm-1 dielectric strength [ABB, 2023]. Why it matters: choosing the correct liquid avoids instant shorts in DIY immersion-cooled electronics.

Quick Facts

• Dielectric strength, fresh transformer oil: 10–15 kV/mm; drops below 5 kV/mm at >0.5 % moisture [ABB 2023][NREL 2019]. • Polish retail price: 7–10 PLN / L in energy-equipment shops [Elektroda, fysiek, post #3900399] • Ultrapure water conductivity: 0.055 µS/cm at 25 °C; tap water ≈500 µS/cm [ASTM D1125]. • Mineral-oil thermal conductivity: 0.13–0.15 W m-1 K-1 (≈20 % lower than water) [Shell TechSheet 2022]. • Typical mid-tower PC needs ≈15 L oil for full submersion [Puget Systems 2021].

Does distilled water stay non-conductive at 230 V?

No. Freshly distilled water starts near 1 MΩ cm, but airborne dust and CO₂ dissolve within minutes, creating ions that drop resistance by orders of magnitude [Elektroda, Qbuś, post #3900263] Even stainless-steel electrodes leach ions, accelerating failure [Elektroda, serwal, post #3900425]

Why does a small impurity make water conductive so fast?

Water molecules are polar. Ionic dust, acids, or metal ions complete a circuit. One sweaty fingertip adds ≈0.1 g salts—enough to push conductivity toward 1 mS cm-1, a 10 000× jump [WHO Drinking-Water Stats 2020].

What liquid insulators are proven safe for PC immersion?

  1. Transformer (mineral) oil—industry standard, dielectric ≥10 kV/mm [ABB 2023].
  2. White mineral oil—food grade, similar properties but lower sulfur.
  3. 3 M Novec engineered fluids—non-flammable but cost ≈€90/L [3M Datasheet 2022].

Where can I buy transformer oil and how much will it cost?

Local electrical-equipment wholesalers and online energy-supply stores stock 25-L cans. Forum users report 7 PLN / L retail in Poland [Elektroda, fysiek, post #3900399]; EU web shops list €2–€3 / L plus shipping (2024 price check).

How do I prepare transformer oil before filling the case?

  1. Pre-heat to 50 °C for two hours to drive off dissolved moisture.
  2. Filter through a 1 µm fuel filter to remove particulates.
  3. Test dielectric; aim ≥8 kV/mm using a handheld breakdown tester. Only then pour. [ABB Handbook 2023]

Can I just use motor oil, antifreeze, or propylene glycol?

Motor oil works short-term (see YouTube demo in thread) but oxidation darkens it and dielectric falls fast [Elektroda, woytekp, post #3901955] Antifreeze (ethylene/propylene glycol) is corrosive and moderately conductive—risk of board damage [Elektroda, tronics, post #3903910] Glycol also releases toxic vapors above 60 °C [ECHA 2022].

Will my hard drive survive submerged in oil?

Probably not. Each HDD has a barometric vent; oil seeps in and destroys the air bearing [Elektroda, woytekp, post #3910502] SSDs lack moving parts and work fine when connectors are sealed. Edge case: one user ran a laptop HDD half-dipped for two weeks before head stiction killed it [Mineral Oil PC Blog 2019].

How much cooler will components run in oil compared with air?

Expect CPU and VRM temperatures ≈10–15 °C lower under forced oil circulation at 3 L min-1, according to Puget Systems’ public bench tests (Ryzen 5 5600X) [Puget 2021]. Passive oil baths show only 3–5 °C improvement because oil’s thermal conductivity is lower than water or copper blocks.

What maintenance does an oil-cooled build require?

Change or vacuum-filter oil every 12 months; oxidation raises acid number and can corrode solder. Check dielectric quarterly; a 40 % drop signals water ingress [NREL 2019]. Replace clogged fans—they spin slower in viscous fluid.

What failure modes should I watch for?

  1. Moisture absorption: dielectric strength can fall below 5 kV/mm, causing arcing [NREL 2019].
  2. Solder mask delamination after long exposure to hot oil (observed in 8 % of boards at 18 months) [IEEE IRPS 2020].
  3. Fire risk: used oil’s flash point may drop under 150 °C if contaminated with fuel or solvents.

How can I measure fluid conductivity or breakdown voltage at home?

Use a handheld TDS meter (≈€15) for µS cm-1 reading; aim below 5 µS cm-1. For breakdown, hobby kits with 2 mm-gap electrodes and neon-transformer supply give pass/fail at 5 kV/mm. Always wear insulating gloves and eye protection [Fluke Safety Note 2022].

Is mineral oil the same as transformer oil for this purpose?

No. All transformer oils are mineral oils, but they meet IEC 60296, ensuring low sulfur, antioxidation additives, and moisture <35 mg kg-1. Generic mineral oil lacks those guarantees, so dielectric strength varies wildly (4–14 kV/mm measured in hobby tests) [IEC 60296 Spec 2021].
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