Installing a Speed Switch on Single-Phase Motor for Wood Splitter: Connection Guidance

Hello, a year ago I made a wood splitter, it works flawlessly, especially since it works on one phase. But to the point, sometimes it holds the block and you have to manually "unscrew" the drill from it, which is sometimes tiring and difficult. This year I would like to install a speed switch so that I don't have to turn it manually. I bought a switch, I have an engine and that's all I know... Unfortunately, I'm a bit green when it comes to electricity. I don't know what to connect where and how to set the contact plates in the engine. I think everything you need is included in the photos. And yes, I know there is no grounding and everything is connected in a slightly unaesthetic way, but oh well. Can anyone tell me what and where to connect it to change the speed? :)



Regards, Dawid

Unfortunately, it is a right-0-left rotation switch/switch, but for a three-phase motor. To meet your needs you need something else.

So I won't understand any of this? Oh well, I won't cry. Can you recommend me a suitable switch and some instructions?

It's hard for me to say whether something like this can be found in a store. The point is that in a single-phase motor there are two windings - the work winding (U1, U2) and the starting winding (V1, V2). The speed is changed by reversing the power supply to one of the windings.
Rather, you need to look for someone who can - having some old switches at their disposal - make something that would perform such switching.

Please forgive me the delay, I had to go to the workshop. So in a single-phase motor there is no option to simply switch the direction of rotation without major engine intervention? The last photo shows the engine's guts, if I were to do "something" that would switch these plates to a different position (as in the diagram photo), would it have arms and legs?

In a single-phase motor, you change the power supply from the beginning to the end of the starting winding. You can recognize it by the fact that it has a higher resistance than the running winding.

My friend.
You probably won't buy such a ready-made switch in a store, but you can make something like this on two 4P NO contactors, first disconnecting all the connections on the motor cube, and having all the beginnings and ends of the motor windings at your disposal. Your purchased switch can be used to control contactors.
If you find a knowledgeable electrician, I will send you a diagram, because you (without insulting) may do more harm than good.

Regards.

You should be able to get by with what you have. Jumpers to remove from the switch. 4 wires are enough, the power supply can be permanent, but for safety's sake I would use them, they can be disconnected, you have a free contact in the switch. Check with a passage meter.

In fact, the switch is the least of my problems, I used a multimeter to check "what goes where" if the switch is in a given position, but the problem is that I don't know which cables to pull from the engine. From what I saw in the diagram, it is enough to change the places of these plates in the engine to change the direction of rotation, what if I somehow removed the wires going to the switch instead of the plates?

You've got a good idea. You remove the plates and wires to the switch.

Yes, you will only need 8 wires if I'm not mistaken. Unfortunately, it is probably not possible to connect that many to the switch, and in addition, there are "spaces" that short-circuit when the switch is in the L and P positions.

You need to change V1-U1/V1-U2 and similarly Z2-U2/Z2-U1. Applying voltage to the first element of a three-phase switch:




V1 to 2
Z2 to 6
U1 to 8/5 (interchangeable)
U2 to 5/8 (interchangeable)

Plug -> safety button (mushroom) -> L to 10 and N to 8 and an additional bridge 9-5.

My colleagues will check.

Hello !
No need for eight wires.
You need to connect as in the diagram:


However, you need to check how the switch visible in the photos is operated.

If the switch contacts are as shown by Deksta84 above, I change the diagram:

I told you that 4 wires are enough to change the speed. What does it use 2 pairs of contacts from the switch? The last pair is used to cut off the power. There are 6 wires going to the switch, 1 for power, 5 for power to the motor and 4 for changing direction.
You can also use these 4 wires to supply power and you have one or two cables less.

Thank you for your help, unfortunately I don't know how to do it now, I'll call you in the evening and let you know if it worked. I will check it with a meter just in case. Thank you again for your help, you are great.
Regards, Dawid

Sorry, I posted the wrong diagram.
Correct below:



V1 to 2
Z2 to 4
U1 to 1/5 (interchangeable)
U2 to 5/1 (interchangeable)