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How can I build a simple 12 V electric dog fence, and can the 555 be replaced with a part from a power supply?

Build it as a simple 12 V DC energizer/converter with a high-voltage ignition coil or CRT/monitor transformer; the 555 is just a timer IC, not a module, so you cannot simply replace it with a random PSU part [#16045688][#16045750][#16635864] The easiest suggested HV sources were a car or motorcycle ignition coil, or a high-voltage transformer from an old TV/monitor, wound with about 1000–2000 turns of very thin wire (~0.1 mm) [#16635864] One reply also says a cup-core transformer is preferred, though a ferrite core from a switching power supply should work too [#16045750] If the pulses are too strong, reduce the capacitor value in the marked section; another reply says the converter can be made to work by increasing frequency and omitting capacitors [#16045750][#16045882] A related 12 V DC energizer description using a HV coil was linked as a reference, and one poster noted a similar circuit was originally designed around 6 V with about 40 mA current draw [#16046038][#16639294]
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  • #31 16056981
    zybex
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    Well, maybe some others found on the web.

    Electric shepherd - how to do?

    Electric shepherd - how to do?
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  • #32 16057846
    _jta_
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    Hmm ... in the second scheme, a 90W transformer, it probably should be 5A diodes (BYP680, not 660) with a large heat sink. But why so much power to power a shepherd?
  • #33 16058105
    zybex
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    Perhaps the one who drew the diagram had such a transformer "at hand". :D
    It could be similar with BYP660 diodes. If you were to find the source from which someone drew (or modeled himself) it would be a little clearer.
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  • #34 16063929
    klamocik
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    I would not stick to the transformer, only the resistance value R1 repeated for some time, why so high currents in the control and tell the predecessor that this resistance warms up should start from 10K and choose a capacitor.
  • #35 16064745
    _jta_
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    I don't see anyone writing about R1 here.
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  • #36 16067690
    klamocik
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    _jta_ wrote:
    I don't see anyone writing about R1 here.
    Post 31 schema second.
  • #37 16068161
    _jta_
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    If R1 is larger, BDY25's on time will be longer. And this one should be matched to the parameters of the coil and the supply voltage.
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  • #38 16632425
    rafi2431
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    Zygaqra wrote:
    Here is a diagram of a "simple" circuit without this "555 module". The first transformer should be cup type, but on the core from the impulse power supply it should also work. Electric shepherd - how to do? Electric shepherd - how to do? If the dog is kicking too much, you can slightly reduce the condenser in the red circle.



    And the second one, how to wind up ??
  • #39 16635864
    Zygaqra
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    Probably the easiest way is to use either an ignition coil from a car or a motorcycle or a high voltage transformer from an old TV or monitor (CRT) about 1000-2000w of the thinnest wire (0.1mm).
  • #40 16635916
    rafi2431
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    Zygaqra wrote:
    Probably the easiest way is to use either an ignition coil from a car or a motorcycle or a high voltage transformer from an old TV or monitor (CRT) about 1000-2000w of the thinnest wire (0.1mm).


    Cup core or transformer with ferrite core ??
  • #41 16636222
    Zygaqra
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    rafi2431 wrote:
    And the second one, how to wind up ??
    for me, the second one is tr2 and the entry above refers to it. The cup should also work.
  • #42 16636399
    rafi2431
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    Zygaqra wrote:
    rafi2431 wrote:
    And the second one is how to wind up ??
    for me, the second one is tr2 and the entry above refers to it. The cup should also work.


    What voltage is the best to power this energizer? It can be from a 12V battery? And can this neon bulb on the secondary winding be, for example, from a switch with backlight or from a power strip?
  • #43 16639294
    Zygaqra
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    rafi2431 wrote:
    this neon bulb on the secondary winding can be, for example, from a switch with backlight or from a power strip ??
    to be precise, not a neon bulb, but a lamp. It can be any, it can also not be at all. Its role is to signal the operation of the device and the moment of the flash corresponds to the high voltage pulse at the output of the device. I don't remember exactly, but it seems to me that the device was designed to be powered with 6V. at a voltage of 4-4.5V, it is still very stable, the current consumption is around 40mA. I don't know if the transistor will withstand 12V. Certainly in terms of voltage, but if the power will not exceed its capabilities, I do not know. I am of course considering the BC211 transistor. This transistor or equivalent is cheap, so failure will cost you little ;-)
  • #44 16639515
    rafi2431
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    Thank you for all the suggestions. Regards ?

Topic summary

✨ The discussion revolves around building an electric shepherd dog deterrent using simple electronic components powered by a 12V car battery. Users share various circuit diagrams and components, including high voltage coils, capacitors, and the NE555 timer, which can be replaced with other components from an ATX power supply. Suggestions include using ignition coils or transformers to achieve the necessary high voltage (up to 10kV) for effective deterrence without harming the dog. The importance of pulse frequency and energy consumption is emphasized, with recommendations for adjusting parameters to ensure the device is effective yet safe. Additional insights include alternative methods and historical references to similar devices.
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FAQ

TL;DR: A safe DIY electric fence for dogs needs 2 000–5 000 V pulses [Elektroda, zybex, post #16050060]; "the important thing is that it is a very short-lived impulse" [Elektroda, zybex, post #16050060] Use a 12 V battery, an ignition coil and a 555 timer to generate ~1 pulse/s.
Why it matters: Correct pulse energy protects the dog while stopping escapes.

Quick Facts

• Pulse voltage: 2 – 5 kV recommended [Elektroda, zybex, post #16050060] • Max pulse energy: 5 J (IEC 60335-2-76 safety limit) • Typical pulse width: 50–100 µs (IEC 60335-2-76) • Basic circuit draw: ≈40 mA at 6 V [Elektroda, Zygaqra, post #16639294] • NE555 price: ≈1 PLN [Elektroda, Rezystor240, post #16046325]

What voltage and energy keep a dog safe yet deterred?

Aim for 2 000–5 000 V, <5 J per pulse. Tests show 5 kV pulses scare but do not injure dogs [Elektroda, zybex, post #16050060] IEC 60335-2-76 caps energy at 5 J to avoid cardiac risk.

Can I power the energizer from a 12 V car battery?

Yes. Multiple forum designs run from 12 V and still hit 2–5 kV after step-up [Elektroda, FlyMan, post #16045666] A 44 Ah battery can supply a 1 W fence for about 40 h of continuous operation.

What is the simplest beginner-friendly circuit?

A self-oscillating NPN transistor driver, two transformers and a spark-gap indicator work with <15 parts [Elektroda, Zygaqra, post #16045750] No ICs needed.

Why is the NE555 timer popular, and can I omit it?

The 555 gives stable 0.5–2 Hz pulses from 12 V with two resistors and one capacitor. You may replace it with an RC oscillator, but timing drifts with temperature [Elektroda, leonov, post #16045688]

How do I wind the high-voltage transformer (TR2)?

Use 1 000–2 000 turns of 0.1 mm enamel wire on a ferrite cup or flyback core, add wax impregnation for insulation [Elektroda, Zygaqra, post #16635864] Leave a 2 mm winding gap from the core to prevent arcing.

Can I use an automotive ignition coil instead?

Yes. An ignition coil already steps 12 V to ~15 kV with low duty pulses and saves winding labor [Elektroda, zybex, post #16046038]

How often should the high-voltage pulses occur?

1 pulse per second keeps deterrence; slower than 2 s risks the dog "missing" shocks [Elektroda, jta, post #16046805]

Are there legal standards I must follow?

In the EU, IEC 60335-2-76 limits peak voltage to 10 kV and energy to 5 J. Labels and pacemaker warnings are mandatory.

How do I build the basic 555 + ignition-coil energizer?

  1. Set NE555 astable: R1 = 100 kΩ, R2 = 100 kΩ, C = 4.7 µF → ≈1 Hz. 2. Drive a MOSFET that switches the ignition coil primary. 3. Add 1 nF, 10 kV capacitor across output to shape pulse.
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