Strength and power of the SAT signal - what is the strength and power of the satellite signal?

"Power" is a technical term. For SAT systems, we usually give it in "dBm" [decibels in relation to milliwatt], "mW" [milliwatts]. "Strength" is basically a colloquial, jargon term, intuitively understandable to `non-technical` people, interchangeable with "power". Therefore, the power indicators of received signals in decoders are usually marked as "strength".

The quality of the signal depends on the amount of interference (noise, interference, intermodulation, EM interference, etc.) in the received signal - the more interference, the lower the signal quality.
An indicator of signal quality is a parameter usually marked as S/N ("signal to noise").
The signal quality is directly determined by the so-called error rate, i.e. the number of erroneous bits contained in the received digital stream - usually it is BER (BitErrorRate). For an ideal signal, BER = 0.

"kHz" (small `k`!), "MHz" and "GHz" are units that determine the frequency of radio signals, including SAT. 1GHz = 1000MHz = 1000000kHz. The signal has the frequency at which we want to transmit it. Generally, it must be within the band (frequency range) that is allowed for a given service - e.g. for the distribution of SAT signals.

Delethal wrote:

For example, I know that the decoder receives the signal in KHz.
So what will receive a signal in MHz or GHz?

To receive a satellite signal, you generally need to have a set of devices adapted to it standard transmitted/received signal, so:

1. antenna for an appropriate frequency band or a specific frequency
2. a frequency converter that changes the frequency of the satellite signal received by the antenna to a frequency accepted by a decoder or other device, e.g. a spectrum analyzer.
3. a decoder that demodulates the received signal.

If we refer this to, for example, satellite signals used to distribute broadcasts, then for example:

1. frequency of the signal received by the antenna: 11.508GHz
2. frequency converter: 11.508GHz --> 1.758GHz
3. signal frequency at the decoder input: 1.758GHz

It is also possible that the receiver/decoder can have an integrated converter, then its input could be connected directly to the antenna.

Delethal wrote:

And what in the transmitter determines good signal quality?

Transmitter design, simply put.

In general, the entire signal quality deterioration occurs on the path between the transmitter and the receiver and in the receiver/decoder itself, so you can ignore the transmitter`s parameters in this matter.

Depends on what you mean by "bigger".

In general, the "size", if we are talking about dimensions, depends mainly on the signal generation technology at a given frequency and its power. The higher the power, the larger the overall size of the transmitter.

If you think about transmitting powers under the term "size", then generally the higher the frequency, the higher transmitting powers are required, because the higher the frequency, the greater the attenuation of the signal in the air.

However, the signal strength also depends on the applications.

In short - depending on the specific situation, the "size" of the transmitter may be very different.