Do Router Variable Speed Controllers Work by Reducing Voltage to the Equipment?

The discussion addresses whether router variable speed controllers operate by reducing voltage to connected equipment. Router speed controllers typically function by chopping the AC waveform, effectively reducing the duty cycle and thus the average power delivered, rather than directly lowering the RMS voltage. This method reduces power output but may not show a corresponding voltage drop on standard non-true RMS voltmeters due to waveform distortion. The original inquiry involved using a router speed controller to reduce 120V AC to approximately 30V AC for heating nichrome wire in a hotwire station. It was noted that router controllers may not sufficiently lower voltage to the desired level for precise temperature control. An alternative solution involved using a variable speed controller designed for a 2.5 hp DC permanent magnet treadmill motor, which successfully achieved the required voltage reduction and temperature control on a resistance wire. The discussion also highlighted safety concerns with the proposed setups.
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