Interfacing LM324 PWM (TTL) Output With 4011 CMOS Flip Flop Circuit

The discussion addresses interfacing a PWM generator circuit based on the LM324 operational amplifier (TTL output levels) with a 4011 CMOS flip flop circuit for a flashing lights dimmer project. Although both circuits function correctly when tested separately, issues arise when connecting them directly due to differing logic voltage levels between TTL and CMOS technologies. The key challenge is ensuring proper voltage level translation and signal compatibility between the LM324 PWM output and the 4011 flip flop input. Recommendations include examining the driving and sourcing characteristics of TTL and CMOS devices and implementing an interface circuit to adapt the logic levels. Reference materials and application notes on TTL to CMOS interfacing are suggested for designing an appropriate level-shifting solution. Additionally, the possibility of using integrated circuits that combine TTL and CMOS logic families to simplify interfacing is mentioned.
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