Do Electrolytic Capacitors Lose Capacitance or Short After Long Periods Unused?

Electrolytic capacitors stored unused for extended periods can suffer depolarization, loss of capacitance, and potential short circuits. To restore aged capacitors, several reconditioning methods exist: gradual voltage application with limited current ("sweet method"), repeated charging and discharging at nominal voltage, pulsed voltage with long-period square waves, thermal treatment by immersion in hot water (70-80°C), and application of short high-voltage pulses. Regular use of electronic devices containing electrolytic capacitors may help maintain capacitor health, but monthly powering is not strictly necessary for all equipment. Capacitor degradation accelerates with elevated storage temperatures; prolonged exposure above 5-10°C can be detrimental, especially in climates with ambient temperatures around 31-35°C. Modern electrolytics have improved shelf life at low temperatures, but older devices from the 1990s (e.g., SNES consoles, PS2, CRT TVs) may require careful management. Using a variac to slowly ramp up voltage during power-up can reduce stress on aged capacitors. Manufacturer quality varies, influencing longevity and storage recommendations. Nichicon's technical documentation provides detailed guidance on aluminum electrolytic capacitor characteristics and shelf life.
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