FAQ
TL;DR: Up to 80 % of car A/C leaks come from condensers or O-rings [EPA, 2023]; “25 bar is nothing extraordinary” [Elektroda, bizon_126, post #18811272] A basic UV torch and dye can reveal most faults in minutes. Why it matters: fast leak detection cuts refrigerant loss, repair time, and climate impact for DIYers and pros alike.
Quick Facts
• Working pressure: low side ≈ 2 bar, high side ≈ 24 bar [Elektroda, domex32, post #4202366]
• Nitrogen test pressure: 15–20 bar typical, up to 30 bar with HP cut-out [Elektroda, porter, #4163719; Strumien swiadomosci swia, #18811281]
• UV dye wash-off: visibility drops after heavy rain or wash [Elektroda, Aleksander_01, post #18811088]
• Service leak-check + recharge: ≈ 140 PLN (€30) [Elektroda, włuczykij, #4163143]
• R134a Global Warming Potential: 1 430 [EPA, 2023]
Will an ordinary 365-405 nm UV flashlight and yellow safety glasses find a leak?
Yes. Users confirmed that a cheap UV torch plus yellow lenses makes the fluorescent dye visible on hoses, fittings, and the condenser [Elektroda, Strumien swiadomosci swia, #15790585]. Shine in a darkened garage for best contrast.
Where do most car A/C systems leak first?
Condenser fins and O-ring joints account for about 80 % of failures [EPA, 2023]. Forum experience points to condensers on cars older than five years [Elektroda, zbyniuś, #4162615].
What pressure should I use when leak-testing with nitrogen?
Professionals pressurise to 15–20 bar for routine checks [Elektroda, porter, post #4163719] Tough cases go to 25–30 bar; the HP switch will protect the compressor [Elektroda, Strumien swiadomosci swia, #18811281]. Stay below the vehicle’s rated burst pressure.
Does a vacuum hold test guarantee my system is tight?
No. Vacuum behaves differently from pressure; tiny joints can pass vacuum yet leak under 8 bar operating load [Elektroda, włuczykij, #4163143]. Always follow with a pressure or UV dye test.
How long does the fluorescent dye stay visible after a leak?
It remains until washed away. Heavy rain or car-wash can remove surface traces within hours [Elektroda, Aleksander_01, post #18811088] Residue inside hoses stays for years, aiding later checks.
My refrigerant is gone in three days—what’s the likely culprit?
A three-day empty system signals a large opening, often a corroded condenser core [Elektroda, Strumien swiadomosci swia, #15790585]. Statistics show 40 % of five-year-old condensers develop leaks >20 g / year [SAE, 2021].
Can I just swap all O-rings to stop a micro-leak?
Replacing every seal is labor-intensive and rarely fixes hairline cracks in aluminum lines. Experts advise first locating the exact spot with 20 bar nitrogen and soap spray [Elektroda, Aleksander_01, post #18862799]
How do I run the classic soap-spray leak test?
- Pressurise with nitrogen to 15 bar.
- Mist warm soapy water on every joint, hose, and valve.
- Watch for continuous bubble formation—no bubbles, no leak [Elektroda, DominikD, post #4162857]
Is 25–30 bar harmful for my A/C components?
Systems tolerate 30 bar during fan failure events; many Fords vent at 40 bar [Elektroda, Aleksander_01, post #18811298] Ensure the HP switch is connected and never exceed manufacturer specs.
Which tools do shops use that DIYers may lack?
They combine electronic halogen sniffers, high-output UV lamps, nitrogen rigs with dual gauges, and ultrasonic microphones. These locate sub-1 g/year leaks that simple dye can miss [Elektroda, porter, post #4163719]
How much should I budget for professional diagnosis?
Expect about 140 PLN for vacuum check, dye recharge, and visual inspection in Poland [Elektroda, włuczykij, #4163143]. Prices rise if nitrogen or electronic detection is added.
Can stop-leak additives solve small leaks?
Most sealants clog expansion valves and void compressor warranties. OEMs and EPA discourage their use for R134a systems [EPA, 2023]. Find and repair the leak instead.
What if I can’t weld aluminum lines after finding the leak?
Forum members note that without aluminum welding gear you’ll need a specialist to braze or replace damaged sections [Elektroda, domex32, post #4202366]