The system shows that the disk is empty and the data on the disk is only the sys

Hello, I have a very strange data problem. The client said that her data on the disk suddenly disappeared, so I regained everything I could on my disk. That I scanned in HD tune and checked SMART and everything is ok. So I reinstalled the system on it (Windows 10) and created a second partition. Then I connected this disk through the SATA-USB adapter and ripped the recovered data. Reconnect the disk to the client's computer and no data! In the "My Computer" window it shows that the partition is completely empty. I was scared because I cut files instead of copying them and I was already afraid that there is no data, but I connected the disk via USB back to my computer and the data on the disk is! How is it possible that her computer after "reinstalling" the system "loses files" or could it be the fault of some virus (I did not format the whole disk, i.e. the MSR partition, etc., only the partition with Windows) on the other partitions? Or some disk damage? I have no idea what this is about

Show here all these screenshots and SMART. As the data you have recovered, copy to the empty partition, say 10GB, and check if the data disappeared or are still there. Somehow it's hard to believe that the data just evaporates every time. What is the disk model?

I am testing RAM in her computer, interestingly the memtest hangs at the start when I want it to work in normal mode and only computer restart helps, so I press F1 and scans in Fail Safe mode but for now on one bone has not found problems and the other is testing now. I read somewhere that this could be a problem with the CPU Cache but I don't know what program to check the CPU Cache for.
This is how smart looks:

And the space used on the E partition (the disk connected to my computer) normally detects data for me and shows the amount of used space correctly, there is no data on it and it calculates the used disk space as if nothing was there.

On her Linux computer what is the effect?

After testing the frameworks that showed no problems, suddenly everything is fine

Added after 45 [seconds]:

But the problem is probably not solved and the fact that it's ok is probably only temporary

After all, add a screen with a partition view from DMDE.

Tomorrow I will give screany with dmde room that I have updated the BIOS, I want to upload the drivers for the graphics card then the whole computer hangs so that only turning off through the help button and every time the installation of the screen driver begins ..