Thanks to everyone for not having any hints

However, I was able to identify the problem and eliminate it, so I share the solution, maybe it will be of use to someone

It turned out that my car was missing one small element without which the rain sensor could not work properly.
Namely, it is a gel spacer between the sensor and the glass

Thanks to it, the sensor should tightly adhere to the glass, and thus the light rays should pass continuously to the sensor.
Probably, someone who was not very familiar had replaced the sensor earlier, or maybe the glass was replaced and this little thing was not taken care of.
There is also a probability that the factory "jelly" has dried (which apparently also happens) and was thrown away.
The mentioned gel spacer can be bought, for example, on the Allegro for several dozen zlotys.
After installation, everything started to spin like new

Greetings to everyone !!!
M.