Building a home LAN network with a RACK cabinet (extensive and fast home network

Question

Hello everyone I apologize in advance if I mess up something or do something wrong, but I'm not an IT specialist and I'm just an amateur ;) I plan to build a computer network in the apartment, including a RACK cabinet. Of course, I want the RACK cabinet to be as small as possible, but I...

IC_Current · Accepted Answer

You haven't put in any wire organizers (unless those are the grilles). The equipment is too densely arranged, especially where there are large bundles of wires. Cat 6A patch cords are tough and difficult to lay down. You need to leave a free space between the switch / patchpanel and the organizer so that you can bend the cable or you need to use patch panels and angular organizers (broken in the middle). Organizers too small, 2U needed, especially next to switches.
Switch 48 ports, sharing it does not protect at all, you would have to have a full hierarchical structure. Anyway, good quality switches work for years.
Power strips on the back of the cabinet.
Why a wardrobe in the office and not where it belongs, i.e. in a handkerchief?
The wardrobe is definitely too small. I know from experience that by even giving a wardrobe twice as large, it will still lack space in the future.

gkwiatkowski · Accepted Answer

You need to have single-mode fibers welded together with pigtails, the ready-made factory ends of which you place on the latches in the patchpanel / keyston. The splices are placed in a fiber optic distribution box or a splice protection box because they are very fragile. So if you get a single-mode fiber in the cabinet, you still have to put a distribution box somewhere with a small spare cable, splices and terminated connectors (something like a fiber optic patch panel) or a cover box for the splices hanging on the back of the cabinet and pigtail ends attached to the keyston in the patchpanel, or dangling from the back of the closet. You can earn multimode fiber yourself, but it requires tooling for a few hundred zlotys. Here is some information, and there are also tutorial videos: Added after 4 [minutes]: That's good. I was afraid that plasterboard. You just need to install the longest and thickest possible dowels or chemical anchors. If there's no other place, it's hard, you won't jump over that. Regarding the strength of the panels, I suspect that a bookcase filled with books weighs a lot more than a closet filled partly with hardware and partly with patch panels. I don't know if you have already chosen the wardrobe model, but choose the heaviest one, regardless of the price. There is a greater chance that it will be made of thicker sheet metal and will not twist under its own weight, let alone loaded with equipment. Recently I have been assembling such a light wardrobe and the front is lowered so that I had to give diagonal lines with turnbuckles to pull it into the correct shape.

gkwiatkowski · Answer

I would see one more patchpanel / patch panel.
There is no patch panel for WAN cables.
Will there be any more SAT receivers there?
Maybe a CCTV recorder in the future?

The wardrobe should be placed in a room other than that where people are working. Of course, with good ventilation or air conditioning.
Hanging cabinet 18U plus space for the server, plus reserve. In my opinion, it is better to buy a standing one, as tall as possible. In 3 months it will be too tight anyway.

blademccoy · Answer

These are these masking frames ... because I do not know where the grommet with the brush will be, and where the horizontal organizer with the cover will be This is a great practical note! ... I didn't think about leaving a free space between patch panels and organizers or switches and organizers ... I would only notice if I put everything together Question ... and maybe Cat 5e cables with shielding should be used for 1GbE sockets? ... since I only have 4 copper cables for 10GbE, this way I would have more comfort in organizing the cabling? That's how I see that 48 ports will be a lot of cables in a small space - 2x 24 ports would allow you to break the wiring in a larger area ... unfortunately it will also take up some space ... And what does it look like with switch load? ... I mean the noise they will generate - theoretically, 2 switches will heat up less than one stronger one - because 2 switches are 2x more fans and 2x more heat dissipation area, and then the fans could run at slower speeds. .I analyze well? ;) This is also what I plan, at the back, slightly above the UPS (I want to connect an IEC plug with a power strip with 8 French / schuko sockets to the UPS) No plaything was an option (i.e. all rooms in the apartment developed for other purposes), and I do not want to put a wardrobe in the hall or in the living room ... I plan to integrate it aesthetically into the office - the wardrobe itself does not bother me, as long as it can disturb me noise - hence I am looking for components without fans or with silent fans - these Ubiquiti UniFi PRO Gen 2 apparently at low load are only 7dB louder than the surroundings ... I do not distribute optical fibers around the apartment - the only optical fibers will be those entering the apartment from the corridor - in order to connect the WAN. In addition, there will be optical fibers connecting switches / router via SFP + - that's why I do not need a fiber optic switch (especially since I do not know yet what possibilities the internet provider will have) ... and I omit the fact that as long as I can handle RJ45 sockets, I don't have much experience with optical fibers and their processing... in fact, I don't have it at all :P WAN cables, as they will not be changed much, I plan to put them on the back wall inside the cabinet in surface-mounted sockets - making an additional 24-port patch panel, e.g. for 4 cables, is pointless ... Unless maybe some modular panel and then make fiber optic and RJ45 sockets for WAN in it and maybe add something else? (such as some displays, thermometers, etc.?) The SAT splitter will be in the multimedia box next to the apartment door - the cables to the RACK cabinet will leave from there (one for signal and the other for return) if, for example, the Internet provider goes on the SAT cable, not Ethernet or SFP - so the antenna cable goes to cabinets only for a possible modem connection I have QNAP in US ... the only thing is that I am still considering whether to make a separate file server for the image from cameras, or whether not to put the HDD into the UDM-PRO and set up saving on the network share in UDM-PRO - then I will be figuring out when I embrace the other elements ;) Here, unfortunately, I do not have much room for maneuver, as I have already mentioned ... Generally, I want the wardrobe to be as small as possible - both in height and depth ... I was considering whether it was standing or hanging ... but I probably leaned more towards the hanging one, because while the standing one would have a greater load capacity and I would not have to worry that it would fall off the wall, then if I had to replace the floor and disassemble the wardrobe, I would probably hang myself - better hang a wardrobe 20-30 cm above the ground and make a channel by the wall ;) As for the depth of the cabinet - most of the components are about 20-30cm deep, the biggest one would be the APC UPS (about 41cm deep) - there are also the small UPS PowerWalker VI 750 R1U (216mm deep) and CyberPower PR1000ELCDRT2U (388mm deep) - I'd love to take this R1U , but I don't know the PowerWalker company too much and I would not like half the cabinet to fall as the UPS fails (once, when I worked in a certain company and we had Orvaldi UPS, the RACK cabinet and server went to overvoltage near Warsaw, and 2 computers went in Wrocław ...) - UPS is in my opinion a blind brand. So the depth of the cabinet defines the depth of my largest equipment (and of course a bit of space for cables on the back) - in this case for a mounting depth of around 410mm I need a 600mm external depth cabinet - if I had used a smaller UPS I could think of a 450mm external or double section / divided 550mm and have easy access from the rear (there will be a chest of drawers on one side of the rack)... besides, I like the idea of arranging the excess wiring loops in the rear section so that there is no clutter in the front section As for the height, I would like the wardrobe to be as small as possible for aesthetic reasons - as it will stand up to 60 cm from the wall, I would not like it to cover half of the world as on the wall where the wardrobe will be, I want to put a chest of drawers with a height of about 100 cm, I considered a rack that would have a similar height ... however, from what I can see, I will not go below 18U ;) Will it be too tight in 3 months I am not so sure - I know that I will not install any servers inside (servers or QNAP file servers in RACK form have a mounting depth of over 50cm, therefore, I would have to have a minimum wardrobe external depth of 80cm or more - so apart from switches and basic network elements from LAN, I will not put too much there. I ignore the noise from typical servers ... I could put a cryptocurrency excavator in a server casing there (it works at 38dB of noise), but it would boil in the cabinet, along with other components ... so I have network elements

IC_Current · Answer

If you use cat 5e patchcords for 1Gbps sockets, it will actually be much easier to arrange them. However, the difference in stiffness compared to Cat 6 is very large.
One or two switches - they will hum similarly and may, however, irritate you. With two switches, you have an additional problem of uplink between them and its throughput. There is no difference with arranging patchcords, just give larger organizers (make sure they are tall, because some of them, despite the fact that they are supposed to be 2U, are very shallow).
There is nothing to push in SFP between the router and the switch, it's just two times unnecessary signal conversion, unless you do not have copper ports.
As for the dimensions of the wardrobe - if you have a slightly larger wardrobe, it will be easier for air to circulate in it, the temperature will be lower and ... the fans will spin slower and quieter.

blademccoy · Answer

After reflection, I will probably use 5e for most sockets (only for 10Gbps dam 6A - i.e. 4 cables) - because I will not lose the technical parameters for 1Gbps on 5E ... whenever I upgrade the switch, e.g. to 24x 10Gbps, I will be able to use 6A patchcords ;) And lining the walls of the rack inside with soundproofing mats, does it give you something? The uplink throughput is what worries me the most ... however, considering that the connection diagram looks something like this: Router Switch 10GbE Switch 1 1GbE Switch 2 1GbE So the entire network is limited by SFP + uplinks (10Gbps) - devices that support 10Gbps (2-3 computers / 1-2 file servers) will work in one switch, so there will be no maximum load of a single device on SFP + cables between switches (because behind the switch 10GbE are only 10GbE switches) - and from switches to router for the next few years SFP + will be enough for the Internet itself ... But I will draw everything and consider this one more 48-port switch (in the end, it is 1U, not 2x1U, besides, it is about PLN 1.5 thousand cheaper than 2x24) And what do you think of the deep 1U like in the picture below? Here it looks pretty cool and 48 cables can fit in it, without excessive tension and without making 1U spacing between patch panels and organizers (in my case, there would be a maximum of 24 cables per organizer) I did not think about it at all ... I was looking more with the future in mind, because as my internet provider currently offers 1Gbps, it will probably soon exceed this speed - will there be a lot of losses on the conversion of the signal from copper cable to SFP? ... to use copper router-switch connections, due to the lack of additional RJ45 ports in the 10GbE switch, I would have to change the hierarchy to the following: Router Switch 1 1GbE Switch 10GbE Switch 2 1GbE Or maybe such a distribution would be better at all due to the load distribution of SFP + uplinks? (devices for 10GbE, i.e. PC and file server / servers, will be the most important in the entire network) Then the traffic from the WiFi access points would go through Switch 1 to the router, without burdening the connectionbetween switches, and the traffic from CCTV cameras would go through Switch 2 and transfer data to the file server connected to the 10GbE Switch (occasionally it could be sent either via the Internet for remote access, or if I used the option of installing HDD in the router, then it would be sent to shared memory router) What do you think? I am currently considering 18U and 22U (22U is a large piece of the cabinet, and the load is only 60 kg, so I suppose that I will not put much more than 18U there ...) The weight of the file server in the Tower version is about 15 kg and you need about 6U for it - so keep it on your desk ... at most, maybe I would decide to install an additional QNAP TS-431XeU file server (291mm deep, 5kg weight) and then allocate it to a monitoring server and maybe a backup (because it would be too inefficient for a web server and PHP), but this is again an additional cost in the order of PLN 3,000 + disks ... Do you know how much in practice I am able to achieve the mounting depth after the maximum spacing of RACK rails in single-section cabinets with 600mm or 550mm depth and in two-section cabinets with 550mm or 600mm depth? ... and how much to assume that you need to leave a reserve between the door and the front rail to fit deep 1U / 2U organizers? Until now, in the calculations, I used a 10cm reserve between the door and the front rack rail, and another 10cm (1-section) / 15cm (2-section) between the rear wall and the rear rack rail - i.e. installation depth = external dimension minus 20-25cm ... unfortunately, manufacturers often do not specify the installation depths: / I am constantly drawing the office design and the chest of drawers comes out optimally about 50-55 cm deep, and by aligning the fronts with the front of the RACK cabinet (for aesthetics ) it turns out that I would have to deepen it (which I prefer to avoid so as not to take the office space) - hence my striving for the smallest possible wardrobe

gkwiatkowski · Answer

By doing it properly, the fiber optic cables should be terminated in a patch panel or at least a patch panel with keyston modules for various types of cables. Added after 1 [minutes]: This is what I was thinking about. Modular patchpanel, there are even keystons with F connectors for the hub. Added after 4 [minutes]: A question from a slightly different aspect. What is the wall on which to hang the wardrobe? With such an installation, however, I would still suggest placing the cabinet in another room, making it a standing 42U or 45U, and placing everything in it, including tower servers. Why take up space on the server humming desk when you can try to hide it in a closet.

blademccoy · Answer

In total, I could install such a modular patchpanel at the back of the wardrobe and lead these 3 cores, 4 WAN cables and 2 optical cables to it ... maybe you don't know where I can find a tutorial on how to earn optical cables in keystone modules? It will be the outer wall of the building with a thickness of about 24 cm - from what the developer says regarding the materials of the outer walls in the brochure: reinforced concrete monolithic / brick made of silicate blocks / ceramic blocks - when I was at the construction site it looked like silicate blocks. Another room is not suitable for several reasons: - I can not put it in any other room - the RACK cabinet must be accessible from both sides, so looking from this perspective I need to have about 30cm on one side and at least 60cm on the other, which takes me 1.5m of space. the hall is therefore falling off - there is no bedroom (because it is supposed to be quiet there) and rooms for guests / children - I have 2 open spaces, one is an office on the upper floor, and the other is a living room with a kitchen on the lower - it is generally better to put it in the office then - I have already given the design of the rooms to the developer with the indication of where the cables are to be led out ... I would prefer to insist on a hanging wardrobe to avoid the following problems: - possible disassembly of the wardrobe if I had to disassemble the floor ... - I do not know how the floor made of wooden boards or panels will behave (depending on what I put there ultimately), under a load such as a RACK cabinet - will it withstand pressure? - in the project, I have already told the developer that the wires are to come out of the floor near the wall - then I will have a problem with putting the wardrobe on the plinth (it is possible that I could make some DIY, but I still have only 8 cm left under the wardrobe for maneuvering with cables, and I do not know if now I will be able to change the design to move the cable outlet away from the wall As a last resort, I could install a larger wardrobe ... but the problem is that then it will be the most visible element after entering the office (and I would prefer it to be more like a small glass refrigerator next to the cabinets, than like a large glass wardrobe ) - in addition, from the perspective of my armchair, it will partially cover the window ... and the question of how many kilograms it will in fact bear, because the cables also weigh a little, no matter how you look ... Here I have such a diagram of the office room (i.e. the furniture is illustrated, the rest is finally done)

IC_Current · Answer

There is really no point in putting up a large wardrobe in such an apartment. Something hanging will be better, hidden somewhere in a dresser or wardrobe.
As for the previous points:
- you will mount the devices (if you try) with a depth of about 15 cm less than the depth of the outer wardrobe
- you cannot dampen the wardrobe with anything, because you will block the air circulation and cook the devices inside
- in the photo there are 1U organizers, but on the side there are also vertical channels, where the supply of cables is hidden.
- wardrobe model - if you do not save, the wardrobe will not fall. You can buy good quality wardrobes at Dipol (Signal brand).

blademccoy · Answer

Thanks! ... there is a lot of useful information that I will definitely use ;) Usually I try to choose good quality products ... after all, you buy it once in many years, so it would be good if it served a bit ;) This is quite valuable information ;) Some cables should enter from the side in a 600mm wide cabinet? ... always alternatively, I think I could run the beam through the organizer, between the devices and lead it out from the back? I reorganized the cabinet structure a bit based on your advice, the diagrams below, but I did not apply the wiring diagram anymore because I had no time to think about it today ... - I replaced the 10G switch (to what I threw earlier, you can't get ears to be attached to the RACK) - thanks to this I can make an uplink / downlink between switches to 20Gbps - I have already ultimately added QNAP which would only serve as a backup for all devices (computers, laptops, phones), possibly for the CCTV support function - the monitoring functions from Ubiquiti are quite interesting and they have integration with UDM-Pro, so I think that for now I will go this way when it comes to monitoring (or if I am dissatisfied, I will switch the IP camera support to QNAP) - a separate QNAP with virtualization and multimedia functions will be in a more efficient form in the Tower version on the desk - at the bottom, the areas marked as reserve can remain empty or be made available for other devices (e.g. I do not watch TV, so the switch for IPTV is exaggerated but I may need it one day), just like so far I do not have QNAP in the RACK version and I don't know when I will buy one - I made one scheme with two switches for 24 ports and one with a 48-port switch (in this scheme with a 48-port switch, I decided that the 2U organizer would be more masking the cables that would go from the switch to the patchpanel, but at the same time it would allow the introduction to the patchpanel other cables - I think I like this solution the most (and it's cheaper than 2x24port)What do you think about these changes after consulting you? ... I know that there is not much reserve left, but as a last resort I will throw away the organizers and pin the cables in bundles with ties and they will be on top Do you have any comments? Maybe as for the density of equipment, or for the location of equipment, patch panels, etc., etc.?

gkwiatkowski · Answer

For me, the version with switch 48 is better.

jprzedworski · Answer

Maybe something like this: There is an option with wheels. The question is whether there is enough height.

blademccoy · Answer

Quite an interesting option ;) If I choose 18u, this is an option to consider (although I have the impression that with this soundproofing on the sides it is a bit tight and ventilation may be impaired, which will have the opposite effect to the intended one when it comes to volume) - but a lot depends on what furniture will be he did in the office (color and style) - so far I do not have a project. The downside of this design is the lack of access from the side because from what I can see, only the rear panel is disassembled?

Anonymous · Answer

As for soundproofing, this can be done, but a lot depends on what produces the most sound and what the sound / noise frequency characteristics are. It is impossible to completely soundproof the wardrobe because there are air inlets and outlets and it must hum there.

On the other hand, wall resonance can be reduced. Self-sticking butyl mats (damping resonances, "chirping" of metal sheets) plus self-adhesive damping foams (noise reduction). Of course, properly selected. Layers of a few millimeters each, which should not significantly impede ventilation, would suffice.

Material costs low, labor costs higher, but you can easily do it yourself.

Effect - different.

In the cooker hood - it's quieter, but the turbine is howling anyway. It's just that you can stand it sitting next to you.

In the car - a revelation, comfort, the sheer pleasure of driving. Not only that, with good soundproofing, a person with a hearing aid can drive around the city.

The sink - also a revelation ... ;)

But, as my colleagues wrote, I would take the rack outside the room where people work, especially if they need to be focused.

blademccoy · Answer

Thank you for all your help and opinions, so I'm waiting for the developer to finish the construction work, then finish the premises and start working with putting up the wardrobe - then I will let you know how the final result

awo · Answer

Some water has already spilled in the Vistula, but maybe I will write a comment as I see it from my experiences.

Generally z IT / Sieci / Bezp has been working for many years. At home, I was also horny for a super LAN with wardrobes, a stack of devices, etc. At ~ 140m2 it comes out quite a lot.

Finally, I miss multiple loudspeaker cables (I only gave 1 set to the floor).

With time, I was slowly eliminating the number of devices.
Routers or Cisco APs got beards within the passage of time, 1 RU switches which for home use are too much of a form. The vacated space was very useful for my family.

Ultimately - how many cables you would not put in the vicinity of the TV or the office, it will not be enough anyway.
So, unless you have an HCI computing cluster between rooms, it is better to do it differently - give the main POE switch and instead of many cables use something powered by POE with a few local ports in TV-like places.
I personally use the GS105PE from Netgear.
I value them the most ... for the lack of a power supply ... which in such equipment always gets stuck somewhere and the cables get tangled.

In this way, with 6-9 RU spaces, I embrace the entire home network.

If 1GE is not enough, you can easily replace it with 10GE.

Finally .. RJ45 sockets in the rooms of household members, except for the place where we have a printer and a office type place ... are free.
The kids go with WIFI - on laptops, even a stationary PC.

Such GS105PE mega will work for you in a place where you have consoles, TV, some network audio, etc. Plus, maybe webcams.

IMHO it's not worth putting that much active equipment into your home.

Building a home LAN network with a RACK cabinet (extensive and fast home network

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