White eneloop - medium internal resistance, high number of discharge cycles.
Black eneloop - low internal resistance, fewer discharge cycles. Lower resistance means higher current, so better for cameras or automatic wrist or arm blood pressure monitors.
Orange-green eneloop - high internal resistance, high number of discharge cycles. Very good for mice, keyboards, cordless phone handsets (no range problems like mobile phones).
There were also series in other colours, but intended for less demanding applications than white or black.
Recyko makes similar batteries. The white ones quite long-lasting, quite strong, quite capacious. Black with less resistance and green with a little more internal resistance than white. It is worth noting the self-discharge current or rather the rate of self-discharge (loss of capacity). Now, batteries can sit for several years without discharging. There is no need to keep an eye on them to make sure they do not break down from being discharged too deeply during storage.
I will also mention NiMH batteries in the R14, R20 sizes. These also have a lower self-discharge rate, although not as low as Eneloop (Panasonic today) or REcyko (GP).