Hi Adam-Almost all of the OBDII readers use an ELM327 chip, which decodes the OBDII data stream into a human-readable serial data stream. The chip was developed by ELM Electronics. It's really a Microchip PIC18F2480 with proprietary programming. When ELM developed the version 1.0 code for the chip, they inadvertently shipped some without enabling the copy protection feature, so a number of disreputable companies ripped off the design and began selling clone chips. ELM discovered their error and enabled copy protection on their more recent versions. Version 3.0 supports many more vehicle types than the earlier 1.0 version did.In addition to being used in standalone code readers, the ELM327 is available in adapters that go between OBDII and USB, RS-232, or Bluetooth. I think if you start by researching this chip you'll be off to a good start.-Rick