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Will the differential work without an earth electrode? How to connect?

tulipan13 131806 40
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Can I install a residual-current device in my apartment without a local earth electrode, and how should it be connected?

Yes, a residual-current device can be installed without a local earth electrode, but it must be wired correctly and it does not replace proper protective earthing. Pass all live phases and the neutral through the RCD, with the supply on the input side and the load on the output side; do not swap the flow direction [#5236419] Do not connect the neutral to the protective pin in the sockets, because that will make the RCD trip [#5236419] Before deciding whether to split PEN to PE and N, check with the utility what network you actually have; in TN-C-S the split can be done, but if there is no proper earthing point you should not improvise with water pipes or other makeshift grounds, and the work should be measured by an electrician [#5237092][#5282816] In a TN-C system, the RCD cannot be used the way it is used in TN-S/TN-C-S, and making a “home-made” earth from the socket protective pins can be dangerous for you and neighbors [#5276635]
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  • #31 5268160
    HeSz
    Electrician specialist
    Posts: 1186
    Help: 97
    Rate: 198
    I'm not a fan of grounding at all costs, but I believe there is where it can be done. By contrast, the stories of "two old ladies on the community board" give me a rash!
    Such tales were a good 20 years ago. Times have changed. The community of residents is an enigmatic creation that is the agenda of the state, and the ladies are not from a party. The community is a team of residents. And they decide who is the manager. If the "two ladies" do not meet the expectations, they should be chased away. But for this you have to go to the General Assembly and start to burn there, not on the "electrode". If you allowed the cage to be renovated without replacing the (in my opinion necessary) electrical installation - it is YOUR fault. And don't moan at the "two old ladies". I'm sorry, but it took me a while. But that's because I deal with the same attitudes in my cooperative. Everyone is blowing their mouths for their own use, but if you have to come to a general meeting or, God forbid, let yourself be elected to the council of residents, this is an insurmountable problem.
    And in response to Kol. "Geguś" - I invested my own money to arrange the fifth wire in the block (admittedly with 4 floors). And I had the greatest satisfaction when one of the tenants, representing the attitude by the Germans called "fenigficker", came to ask me for permission to connect to "my" cable.
    Once again, I apologize for the emotions and I greet everyone.
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  • #32 5268792
    Łukasz-O
    Admin of electroenergetics
    Posts: 21783
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    Cool HeSz , you have nothing to apologize for.

    Quote:
    I'm not a grounding fanatic at all costs (...)

    I know, I wasn't addressing these words to you. However, I cited the 30m of cable that you mentioned that is supposed to be a small expense. Maybe it was small for you, because you have a shaft in the block, but take into account the lack of it - then the costs increase, and a lot. Imagine a young married couple who have made a renovation in their apartment and it turns out that at their own expense they have to replace the riser or add a wire and then renew the cage.

    Quote:
    By contrast, the stories of "two old ladies on the community board" give me a rash!
    Such tales were a good 20 years ago.


    20 years ago, there were no Housing Associations.


    Quote:
    Times have changed. The community of residents is an enigmatic creation that is the agenda of the state, and the ladies are not from a party. The community is a team of residents. And they decide who is the manager. If the "two ladies" do not meet the expectations, they should be chased away. But for this you have to go to the General Assembly and start to burn there, not on the "electrode". If you allowed the cage to be renovated without replacing the (in my opinion necessary) electrical installation - it is YOUR fault. And don't moan at the "two old ladies".


    Yes, you are right, people decide together at the meeting who is on the Board. And what? Or maybe most of them have a different opinion than me.
    From time to time, meetings are organized where resolutions are passed and the budget for the next year is determined. Not always one or two people are able to vote for the stupid ideas of the majority of the co-owners. These my quoted "two ladies" are only the tip of the iceberg, and the rest of them have discharge during their operation (this does not apply, of course, to voting).
    Another thing, what to do if the Housing Community has no money for renovation because it has spent funds for other purposes ...

    Now, remarks from my professional work.
    I know the WM refusal to replace the WLZ for a private apartment or, as you wrote, of the PE wire and grounding in the basement. It was always the same thing - the cage after renovation. Do you think people have health, time and money to litigate? Such processes may take years even though the Construction Law etc. is on our side.
    As an electrician, I do what I have consented to - I am an outsider and not the client's advocate. I'm not going to sue WM because I can't do this or that.


    Sorry for the OT
    Greetings.
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  • #33 5272970
    Anonymous
    Anonymous  
  • #34 5275125
    HeSz
    Electrician specialist
    Posts: 1186
    Help: 97
    Rate: 198
    Of course I did. The only thing I did not deny myself was a biting remark. I guess I formulated my posts a bit wrong since you considered me to be a grounding fanatic. I believe that if it is necessary and possible, it should be done. And the repair fund went to repair the roof and balconies. Everything was flooded everywhere. Such a technology of building buildings. I was offering my neighbors a contribution for the fifth wire, but they buckled on me. Hence my spite. Greetings.
    Acha WLZ standard for TN-C from the early 1980s.
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  • #35 5275247
    tulipan13
    Level 10  
    Posts: 46
    Rate: 9
    HESZ is right, in my block I also crave old crap that does not need anything, a bunch of dirty people !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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  • #36 5275893
    Łukasz-O
    Admin of electroenergetics
    Posts: 21783
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    tulipan13 wrote:
    HESZ is right, in my block I also crave old crap that does not need anything, a bunch of dirty people !!!!!!!!!!!!!!


    You used some blunt words but unfortunately this is the truth about many Communities.
  • #37 5276287
    Wirnick
    Level 30  
    Posts: 1774
    Help: 72
    Rate: 239
    Are the girls from the administration? They can be anxious (female intuition) before and after the installation according to colleague HeSz.
    Reminder topics (for electricians).
    1. Electric space (analogy - terrain) in high-rise residential buildings.
    2. Insulation and separation of living quarters.
    3. Influence of the supply zone on safety.

    For educational purposes, I am asking my colleague HeSz to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the "secret" installation.

    I am following the ungrounded separation before the differential in the living quarters of the 11th floor.
  • #38 5276627
    HeSz
    Electrician specialist
    Posts: 1186
    Help: 97
    Rate: 198
    The installation is not "secret". It was made in accordance with the requirements of the "Construction Law" and in agreement with the Management Board of the Cooperative. It's just that the Cooperative did not have the funds to carry it out.
    Greetings.
  • #39 5276635
    maciek6
    Level 2  
    Posts: 4
    Rate: 5
    PN-IEC 60364-4-41
    Electrical installations in buildings
    Protection for your safety
    Electric shock protection
    413.1.3.8 The following protective devices may be used in the TN system:
    - .....................
    - residual current protection devices
    with the following reservations:
    - the residual current device cannot be used in the TN-C system

    Removal of the protective function of the PEN conductor (failure to connect the pin in the socket) and connection of the socket pins to the earth electrode causes the switch to the TT system at the TN network, which is unacceptable.
    These are comments quickly without analyzing the entire discussion.
    General note - do not experiment without knowledge of a specific topic.
    For example, the proposal to make a protective earth electrode instead of a protective-neutral PEN conductor may cause a potential to be elevated to other elements of the installation and may result in electric shock in other apartments.
    The type of TN, TT networks results from the technical conditions specified by the supplier. The TT system can be used as a TT island in the TN system, but it must apply to a separate part of the network beyond the range of the main equipotential bonding of the TN system (in the facility).
    That's it, in short.
    Detailed explanations in the texts of Dr. Edward Musiał.
    Yours sincerely:
    Maciek6
  • #40 5281372
    Anonymous
    Anonymous  
  • #41 5282816
    maciek6
    Level 2  
    Posts: 4
    Rate: 5
    Hello:
    WLZ is made in the TN-C system:

    3 phase conductors L1, L2, L3 - for an apartment with a single-phase supply 1 phase conductor L

    1 protective-neutral PEN wire - for an apartment with single-phase power supply 1 PEN wire

    After the modernization of the installation in the apartment (single-phase power supply)
    1 phase conductor L
    1 neutral conductor N
    1 PE protective conductor
    from the split point of PEN to PE and N
    Layout of the TN-CS network
    WLZ operates in the TN-C system
    installation in an apartment from the TN-S distribution point
    The operating current flows in PEN - equal to the phase current in a single-phase apartment system, in a three-phase WLZ, the current being the sum of the phase currents (calculations based on complex values) equal to zero with a symmetrical load and no higher harmonics.
    Only the leakage current or an additional short-circuit current in the PE protective conductor (phase-to-part short circuit available).
    Yours sincerely:
    mother6

Topic summary

✨ The discussion revolves around the installation of a differential circuit breaker (RCD) in an apartment without an earth electrode. Users emphasize the importance of proper grounding and the risks associated with improper connections, particularly in multi-story buildings. It is noted that the differential can function without an earth electrode, but safety is compromised. Participants debate the necessity of grounding, the implications of connecting neutral to protective earth, and the potential dangers of theft of neutral wires. Practical advice is sought on how to ground effectively in a high-rise setting, with suggestions for using a ring earth electrode and ensuring compliance with electrical regulations. The conversation highlights the need for professional assessment and adherence to safety standards in electrical installations.
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FAQ

TL;DR: Up to 30 V stray voltage appears on taps when the PEN conductor burns [Elektroda, kortyleski, post #5250901]; “the point of division must be grounded” [Elektroda, kortyleski, post #5250901] An RCD will still trip, but safety depends on correctly splitting PEN to PE + N.

Why it matters: A single wiring error can leave every metal appliance in your flat live, even with a new differential (RCD) installed.

Quick Facts

• Typical PEN failure voltage on exposed metal parts: 20–30 V AC [Elektroda, kortyleski, post #5250901] • Minimum cross-section for added PE conductor in flats: 10 mm² Cu or 16 mm² Al (PN-HD 60364-5-54) • 4-pole RCD sensitivity recommended: 30 mA, Type AC or better [PN-EN 61008-1] • Reported PEN cable thefts: up to 3 per week in one block [Elektroda, kortyleski, post #5250901] • RCDs prohibited in pure TN-C installations (PN-IEC 60364-4-41, 413.1.3.8)

Will an RCD work without an earth electrode in my flat?

Yes, the device trips on imbalance between phase and neutral, so it functions without a local earth. However, without a PE conductor the shock current may pass through your body before disconnection, reducing safety [Elektroda, Łukasz-O, post #5237092]

What network type does most Polish apartment wiring use?

Blocks built after the 1970s are usually TN systems; older risers run TN-C with four-wire aluminium feeders [Elektroda, Łukasz-O, post #5237092] Check with your utility (ZE) before any modification.

How do I correctly split PEN into PE and N in a TN-CS retrofit?

  1. At the flat’s main board, land the incoming PEN on a metal bar.
  2. Bond this bar to a separate PE bar with a 10 mm² Cu link.
  3. Feed the N bar directly from the PEN bar, then route all circuits through a 4-pole RCD [Elektroda, maciek6, post #5282816]

What happens if the PEN conductor burns in the riser?

All metal parts tied to PE may rise to phase potential. Kortyleski measured 30 V and 2 A between tap and neutral during such an event [Elektroda, 5250901] Appliances can also receive 400 V if N is lost in a three-phase supply [Elektroda, Łukasz-O, post #5265207]

Do I need to ground the split point on the 10th floor?

Standards allow an ungrounded split if the PEN remains intact and equipotential bonding exists [PN-IEC 60364-4-41]. Grounding would require a 16 mm² Cu down-conductor to the building earth ring—often impractical and costly, as noted by several members [Elektroda, Łukasz-O, post #5265207]

How can I add a local earth electrode when the administration refuses?

Drive a pair of 2 m galvanized rods outside the building, bond with 16 mm² Cu, test ≤100 Ω resistance, then connect to your PE bar—only after written consent and post-work measurements by a licensed electrician [PN-EN 62305-3].

How do I wire a 4-pole RCD for a three-phase flat?

All three phases and the neutral enter the top (supply) terminals; exits feed branch breakers. Do not reverse line/load. Never mix neutral bars after the RCD, or it will nuisance-trip [Elektroda, Rafik_, post #5236419]

What size conductor should I use for equipotential bonding inside the flat?

Minimum 4 mm² Cu if mechanically protected, 6 mm² otherwise (PN-HD 60364-5-54). Larger cross-sections (10 mm²) improve robustness against PEN faults [Elektroda, HeSz, post #5268160]

Can I convert one circuit to TT inside a TN building?

Not recommended. Mixing earthing systems within the same equipotential zone can elevate touch voltages elsewhere and violates clause 413.1.3.8 of PN-IEC 60364-4-41 [Elektroda, maciek6, post #5276635]

3-step checklist to verify my RCD installation

  1. Press the TEST button monthly; device must trip.
  2. Measure disconnection time: ≤200 ms at rated current with a meter like Sonel MRP-201.
  3. Simulate PEN loss by lifting N upstream; confirm RCD still trips and no metal parts exceed 50 V touch voltage [Elektroda, kortyleski, post #5256530]

Which Polish standards govern apartment electrical safety?

Key documents: PN-IEC 60364 (general), PN-IEC 60364-4-41 (shock protection), PN-HD 60364-5-54 (earthing conductors), and PN-EN 61008-1 (RCDs). Utilities may add local instructions, so always consult ZE before work [“Budowa instalacji elektrycznych”, SEP, 2022].
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