I was able to fix it

Thermomix works as before.
What I did?
As I had to replace the engine with a new one anyway, I took a risk and took out the old engine. There was no need to unscrew the thread. The motor is inserted into the housing without screwing, on rubbers that absorb its vibrations. I wanted to spray the bearings with some spray grease (WD40 type). I couldn't find any lubricant so I unscrewed the 4 screws on the motor and it came loose a little. I twisted the spindle (what should rotate) of the motor with my hand and something let go and it started to turn slightly again.
I did not take the whole engine apart, only after unscrewing these screws the casing became slightly loose.
I twisted these 4 bolts and put the motor inside the housing. I connected it and it works again as before.
There were traces of flooding (dried-up remnants) on the lower part of the engine (there is probably something that functions as a fan). I cleaned it up a bit.
In the end, I didn't lubricate anything anymore. I also have no idea what could let go of the fact that the engine is running lightly again.
I conclude that the bearings would have to be fine and something else was holding.
Maybe this will help someone with a similar problem in the future.
I managed to save PLN 360 on replacing the engine (260 engine + 100 labor).