Internet Access Issue on Multiple Laptops, Despite Working WiFi - Windows 10

Hello, I have a problem with internet access. WiFi works on the phone, but not on any of the laptops (and they were checked 4). I checked the modem configuration, everything looks fine. I installed the drivers from scratch, resetting the modem, restoring to factory settings does not help. Windows 10. I am asking for advice. I will send all the necessary screenshots.

Hello.
You need to provide more data on this internet.
1) Is the provider a reputable company or is there any local or link shared with someone else?
2) WiFi on the phone is sure to have internet from the router connected to you?
(maybe "grabs" from a neighbor ...).
3) What is the manufacturer and model of the router, and was it properly configured?
4) Couldn't your internet provider help you with technical support?
5) In what band does the router broadcast and in what mode? (a, b, g, n ...), and in what channel?
(in Poland there are 13 channels for the 2.4 GHz band, but sometimes the settings in the WiFi card driver are set to 11).

Maybe the questions will give you an idea of how to solve the problem, and if not, you will need another information exchange.
Good luck.

1. academia internet, big provider
2. It is definitely connected to my network
3. TP LINK TL-WR841, previously I had no problems with Internet connection, and I have a router for over a year; after a problem, I tried to configure it myself by digging through the internet, generally nothing works
5. Channel width and channel itself set to auto. I tried to change the combination, but it did not work well.

In addition, when using Windos diagnostics, the following message appears: Windows cannot communicate with the device or resource (primary DNS server)

In older systems, on the "START" bar there is a field: "RUN", where you can call the DOS console by typing: CMD and in new systems you can search for the word CMD and run the found file as administrator.
In the black field of the console, type the ping 8.8.8.8 command and then press ENTER.
After that, there will be 4 answers and times in milliseconds in the penultimate column. If they are not, you do not have access to the Internet or it is not properly configured.
In the console type: ipconfig / all press ENTER.
The IP number assigned to you in the network will appear, and the IP of the gateway giving you access to the Internet. The DHCP server should be enabled in the router and the ip numbers on the WAN side of the router should be compatible with those assigned by the net provider. On the LAN side (it's your subnet) there should be numbers from a range other than WAN and you can set e.g. 10.10.10.10
It is best to turn off other LAN and FireWire network cards during the tests, leaving only the used WiFi. Delete previous memorized connections in the system.
After typing ipconfig / all in the console, you should see the correct one from WiFi.
You can get to the router to configure it by entering its IP number in the web browser and what number you can see in the console under the DHCP position.
First, set WAN in the router and then LAN, then when you set WiFi, do not turn on encryption for testing.
If it's an academic network, can't your laptop also connect to someone else's router? Or maybe someone is playing a joke on you and intentionally blocking access to the MAC number of your card, giving only access to the phone on its MAC?
In the console you can enter: arp -a you will check the MAC address of the phone and in the router on the WAN side you will replace it if it is, beating the joker
You can also replace it in the network card settings in the field: Physical address, remembering that the phone must be turned off for this time so that there are no 2 identical devices. I don't know how difficult it is for you, so there is one more simple way to switch to someone who works with net routers on a trial basis.
"Eh ... it's hard to live lightly ..."

Wejwa wrote:

TP LINK TL-WR841, (...) I tried to configure it myself, digging through the entire internet

Wejwa wrote:

academic internet, big provider

If they have their (provider's) login details / settings, check them.
You can also reset the router with the button on the housing and enter the data again.

Everything you described was performed. I set one IP address for all devices, additionally I excluded the possibility of connecting through a device whose Mac address is not added to the exceptions. The internet has slowed down, but there is no longer a DNS problem since then. Thanks for your time