First check how reinforced your ceiling is. You can cause part of the ceiling to collapse after cutting reinforcing bars or beams if it is a ribbed ceiling. It is also worth checking whether the edge of the cut hole will hold the stairs if their construction is to be based on it.
Added after 4 [minutes]: If you already know that you will not lead to a disaster, it's best to get to work using a drilling rig. You will not look like a miller during work and you will get high precision. The drilling rig will not even feel when it cuts the rod in concrete.
Added after 30 [minutes]: kokapetyl wrote: Everyone advises, no one asked for permission for such a radical change in the building structure. In another topic, there was a storm of discussions about making a trail for electrical installations / sockets. Do you (to the author) have permission to intervene in the construction, construction supervision over such work is certainly required, specialists are there and they will tell you how to do it wisely if you intend to do it yourself and whether you will get permission for it.
It's best to involve a constructor in design. Designers know if a notification is needed or whether a building permit will be needed. It is better not to risk without a constructor because of the possibility of building a catastrophe.