Ladies and Gentlemen,
A small step towards success for now.
I started today to build up the insert after blasting with the Varmsen/Skamol system, but before closing it I lit the fireplace for a test fire:

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Currently the fireplace is spicing up and.... without the biting stench.... Somewhere in the background, there seems to be that sweetish smell wafting through gently, although I'm not sure myself if I smell it or if I have it in my head after 5 years of fighting the problem. But it is finally possible to smoke comfortably

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I used a sealant up to 1200 deg C to seal the flue pipe.
I'll hold off on declaring success just yet, as I'll declare this one when I've closed the fireplace surround completely, with the intention of doing so with significantly more grilles than I had before.
The highest recorded temperature in this build-up is on the flue pipe and this is 250st C.
I'd also like to add that the previous build-up caused a stinging sensation on the skin when stripping - like working with wool. The Varmsen/Skamol boards don't have this effect, so it seems to be a different type of material than I had previously.
I would also like to add that Kratki, in addition to the shotblasting done, replaced all the seals in the fireplace in the price, I got a new door with new glass, the company also took care of all the logistics of the shipment and overall I feel that I received a virtually new product. I must admit that I am impressed with the level of service.
I will probably let you know what happens next soon.