Welding with Covered Electrode in DC Mode: Plus vs Minus for Penetration, Melting & Butt-Melting

On the packaging of the electrodes it is written whether the electrode should be + or - and stick to it.

zyx12345 wrote:

When welding with a covered electrode with a DC welder and with a plus to the electrode (minus to the welded material), there is greater penetration and the material melts more strongly, or vice versa?

To the acidic electrode - minus, to the alkaline - plus.
On a rutile indifferent, you can be alternating. But practitioners more often give a minus.

I'm an amateur so I could be wrong.
More heat is generated at the positive pole, so when the material burns through, the more you need to weld with DC+ polarity, i.e. + on the electrode.
The guy in the video welded with basic electrodes E7018 or E7016, rather DC +, but it is not known what diameter. What thickness of the material is also unknown, but rather thick sheet metal.
You did not write what electrodes you used, what thickness of the sheet, how bevelled, and the size of the gap depends on the thickness of the sheet.
Maybe try lowering the intensity and/or narrowing the gap first.

I am not sure how it is with different electrodes, but I have noticed experimentally that if the electrode markings indicate a specific polarity, then this is how it should be connected to the welder. If it is the other way around, the result may be that the workpiece material is "thrown onto the electrode, instead of from the electrode onto the workpiece. This is especially noticeable when the electrodes for welding cast iron are not properly connected. There is a dimple in the workpiece, and a welded bump on the electrode.
Just like Col. Landy 13, he wrote that acidic electrodes are minus, and alkaline ones are plus, because this determines the ionization of the electrode in relation to the material, and the flow direction of the ionized material depends on the direction of the current flow.
Of course, the arc-melted material will flow from the electrode by the force of gravity, but the weld is then full of holes and looks like a cast of molten metal in the welded gap, connects here and there, but there is no continuity.

Hello
I also searched for a long time about it on the Internet and opinions are divided, but according to my observations, it melts the material more as it is - on the electrode, it happens because the actual current flow is from - to ,
If I am wrong, please explain why

And the holes are usually like material too thin for the electrode.

ziemek56 wrote:

And the holes are usually like material too thin for the electrode.

Or when instead of swimming in the lake, a large arc is drawn. 2.5mm sheet can be easily welded. Try to go slightly below 60A.

palmus wrote:

Try to go slightly below 60A.

YES. EVEN 55,

Do you really think he hasn't welded that sheet in over two years?