As you have probably gathered by now; clocks form the main timing basis for almost all digital circuitry.
For this reason many of the words used to describe the timing of electronics circuits are related to clocks; such as 'phase', 'edges', 'quadrature' etc.
For this reason, any response to this question involves words which may make the answer more complicated than the question.
In more simple terms a clock is just like its name suggests; a 'tick' which signals the sequence of events just like in a real mechanical clock.
Extending this analogy - in the same way that a second hand 'ticks' or moves every second, then the minute hand moves or 'ticks' every minute or 60 seconds. One could say the minute hand runs on the second 'clock divided by 60'. The it is clear how different clocks or 'ticks' can signal (or synchronize) different events.
This is a simple example of the 'clock divider' principle - in a digital circuit the clocks are electrical signals, but their purpose of synchronizing different 'events' is just the same.