EPS8266 chip restarts without UART connected - does not respond to ping

Hello,
I've been playing around with the ESP8266-12E module for a while now, I'm using a USB-UART FT232 converter to program and communicate with the terminal. I have uploaded the NodeMCU firmware (nodemcu_float_0.9.6-dev_20150704), I have also uploaded my first simple program in which I set the ESP in client mode and connect to the WiFi network. I upload the program using the ESPlorer software. After uploading the code and rebooting the device responds to the ping.
The problem occurs when I unplug the FT232 from the USB port and restart the ESP, the chip stops responding to the ping. What could be the problem here?
If something is missing - I will complete, below is the connection method and the program code.

I have connected everything as follows:
100uF and 100nF power supply filter capacitors(I also tried with 220uF and 2200uF)
CH_PD to Vcc
Rx-Tx
Tx-Rx
GPIO15 and GND FT232 to GND
Reset, GPIO00 and GPIO02 not connected(GPIO00 and GPIO02 I tried also connected to power supply, same effect)
All powered from AC/DC 230V-3.3V inverter.

The program code is actually the manufacturer's code pasted in.
.

Maybe the circuit is not starting? Connect an LED to one lead of the ESP (through a resistor), and in the program at startup light it for 1 second. If this LED lights up for this time - it means something in the program. If it does not light up, the circuit does not start.