There are many things that can cause a Blue Screen:
* Badly written device driver
* Incorrect device driver
* Malware
* Bad memory
* Power Supply glitch
* Bad motherboard
* Overheating components (such as caused by a malfunctioning fan or dust build up)
* Over-clocked system
And, those are just the things that I, a non-expert, can think of. And, actually, bad device drivers are the most common culprit. Or, a CPU heat sink that is full of dust -- especially common when a fan is mounted on it. Or, for that matter, a power supply that has a lot of dust clogging the ventilation ports and/or fan.
So often, a computer gets trashed when all it needed was a "spring cleaning" (literally open it up and vacuum out all the dust - which may require that the heat-sink be removed from the cpu, and if so, be sure to clean off the old heatsink compound and apply new).