Which building automation system to choose for training?

Hello everyone !

I would like to expand my knowledge and enrol in a training/course with a view to installing an "intelegent house".
Do you have a system to recommend which would be best to learn?

Thank you in advance for your feedback .

It's not that simple... There are many systems and it is difficult to pinpoint which one is best to know - in fact, it is best to know all the popular .
Each has its advantages and disadvantages, and customers have their preferences.
If you just want to install - then you have the information you need in the manuals. But if you want to design or select equipment then it is already worthwhile to learn about many systems.

I am more concerned with the design / selection of appropriate components. I would like to add building automation solutions to "ordinary" electrical installations in single-family houses, not just roller shutters with telephone control, but something more complex .

Start by working out what you would like to achieve - one element to start with - such as lighting control.
Then read up on how many ways this can be solved, what are the advantages, disadvantages of different systems.
For example, a simple example to start with - you want to control 10 lamps in a detached house. You have an old or new type of installation (choose for the sake of the example). Classic control (requiring manual use of a switch on the wall), voice control, remote control via apps. Suggest useful automations.
You will see how many issues to think about will arise - and maybe you will find a way to solve them - and that will be better than a course.

I have some idea of all this. What I mean is that on the main panel in the house, or on the phone app, I have a choice of given adjustable configurations:
- 1 of these is "night", by clicking on this the blinds go down, the corresponding light comes on etc.
- 2 of them is "work", I tap on this, the corresponding light comes on, from the sockets only the fridge,cooker, wifi, cameras etc. work.

Well, and it is known to be possible to control everything separately without these configurations.

I am puzzled by 1 thing, how is it with the circuits in question, everything I want to control, I have to pull a separate cable straight to the control board ( to the module in question ) and now my question, does the cable go straight to the controller, and from the controller it goes to the unplugged, or is it solved in a different way at all.

There can be quite a few solutions here. In addition to cable, you have for example RF, WiFi, Zigbee. This can be implemented in many ways.
If you want to use cables, choose a system and follow it. If you want to have applications then you are unlikely to connect your phone via cable - which means we are already at least partially going beyond a purely "cable" system.
If you want Zigbee and reasonable costs, look at the relatively new Tuya and Xiaomi devices - here attention should be paid to device compatibility.