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Tuya Mini Smart Switch WiFi T1-2S-NL Module Datasheet and Encryption Key Details

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How do I identify and configure this Tuya T1-2S-NL smart switch module when BK7231N/M reading gives a non-standard encryption key?

Treat the module as BK7238, not BK7231N/M; that mode booted successfully and firmware backup completed without CRC errors [#21649205][#21649217] A working GPIO map for one unit was: 1 = WifiLED_n;0, 8 = Rel;1, 9 = Btn_Tgl_All;1, 24 = TglChanOnTgl;1 [#21649217] Another T1-2S-NL variant was reported with a BL0942 energy meter, using 1 = WifiLED;0, 8 = Rel;1, 9 = Btn_Tgl_All;0, 24 = dInput_n;2 [#21696124] For that energy-monitoring variant, the meter started working after loading the BL0942 driver with `startDriver BL0942` [#21696124] If you flash these devices with OpenBeken, enable the bootloader overwrite flag if you want OTA updates later; otherwise OTA will not be possible [#21650305]
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  • #1 21649141
    00svd00
    Level 9  
    Posts: 25
    New module in tuya mini smart switch wifi
    t1-2s-nl
    datasheet
    https://developer.tuya.com/en/docs/iot/T1-2S-module-datasheet?id=Kcl2d5xjy1rly
    Tried to read as BK7231N and M and got
    Encryption key: 5cf97a16 5cf97a16 5cf97a16 5cf97a16
    ^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^
    WARNING! Non-standard encryption key!
    Firmware dump in attachment
    Attachments:
    • readResult_BK7231T_QIO_t12snl_2025-31-8-00-06-08.bin (2 MB) You must be logged in to download this attachment.
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    #2 21649205
    p.kaczmarek2
    Moderator Smart Home  
    Posts: 14416
    Help: 650
    Rate: 12371
    I think it will work in BK7238 mode.

    Added after 33 [seconds]:

    https://www.elektroda.com/rtvforum/topic4132679.html
    Helpful post? Buy me a coffee.
  • #3 21649217
    00svd00
    Level 9  
    Posts: 25
    Seems that you are perfectly right!
    At least it booted and there was no CRC errors during firmware backup.
    Working pin config:
    "pins": {
    "1": "WifiLED_n;0",
    "8": "Rel;1",
    "9": "Btn_Tgl_All;1",
    "24": "TglChanOnTgl;1"
    },
  • #4 21649943
    divadiow
    Level 38  
    Posts: 4859
    Help: 424
    Rate: 860
    boot log from factory backup

    Code: Text
    Log in, to see the code


    are you expecting device to have power monitoring too? there's mention of BL0942 in log

    Code: Text
    Log in, to see the code


    Added after 7 [minutes]:

    also, what does the device look like? where was it bought?
  • #5 21649961
    00svd00
    Level 9  
    Posts: 25
    divadiow wrote:
    are you expecting device to have power monitoring too?

    I don't think so. No other chips on PCB, and also no other pins were soldered, only ADC, P8, P9, P24, 3V3, GND, RX1 and TX1
    divadiow wrote:
    where was it bought?

    From my country's local marketplace.
    divadiow wrote:
    also, what does the device look like?

    Mostly like normal Tuya smart mini. Only difference - different contact order
    Mini Smart Switch module with labeled terminals and technical specifications on the casing.
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    #7 21650305
    insmod
    Level 31  
    Posts: 1353
    Help: 160
    Rate: 425
    Did you flash it with bootloader overwrite flag turned on?
    If not, then OTA updates won't be possible.
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  • #8 21650309
    00svd00
    Level 9  
    Posts: 25
    insmod wrote:
    bootloader overwrite flag

    No, I've used default setting. Thank you for info.
  • #9 21650893
    groove6j
    Level 9  
    Posts: 49
    Help: 3
    Rate: 13
    Similar device, same BK7238. Connect 3V and GND to 1117 pins. Tx1 and Rx1 pins 29 and 30 are already laid out. No initials on board at all.
    Different pinout.
    "pins": {
    "6": "WifiLED_n;0",
    "8": "Rel;1",
    "9": "TglChanOnTgl;1",
    "26": "Btn;1"
    },
    Close-up of a MINI Smart Switch label with technical specs and screw terminal connectors.
  • #10 21651110
    p.kaczmarek2
    Moderator Smart Home  
    Posts: 14416
    Help: 650
    Rate: 12371
    We need to update our list for T1 devices: https://openbekeniot.github.io/webapp/devicesList.html
    If it's not yet added, please add. Also, when posting GPIO template, you can help us by posting complete json and by filling all fields, also image and wiki links.
    Helpful post? Buy me a coffee.
  • #11 21651132
    groove6j
    Level 9  
    Posts: 49
    Help: 3
    Rate: 13
    >>21651110
    Will do that. There is just no model name anywhere for this device.
  • #12 21651136
    divadiow
    Level 38  
    Posts: 4859
    Help: 424
    Rate: 860
    PCB silkscreen markings are good for keywords if there are any. helps distinguish
  • #13 21651807
    groove6j
    Level 9  
    Posts: 49
    Help: 3
    Rate: 13
    >>21651136
    Not a single letter, no even on plastics :D. Just maybe the relay manufacturer.
    On the other hand - can I safely enable Powersave on BK7238? I read on some other topic that it might crash the device?
  • Helpful post
    #14 21696124
    bovops
    Level 2  
    Posts: 2
    Rate: 1
    Similar device with T1-2S-NL and BL0942 energy meter.
    "pins": {
    "1": "WifiLED;0",
    "8": "Rel;1",
    "9": "Btn_Tgl_All;0",
    "24": "dInput_n;2"
    },

    Energy meter starts work after loading the driver (startDriver BL0942)

    Electronic module with button and labeled UART pins: 3V3, GND, RX, TX
    Mini smart switch with tech label and terminal connectors visible
  • #16 21809881
    bovops
    Level 2  
    Posts: 2
    Rate: 1
    @divadiow, I bought another identical relay, reflashed it and found the same MAC address as on the previously flashed one.
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Topic summary

✨ The discussion centers on the Tuya Mini Smart Switch WiFi module T1-2S-NL, specifically regarding its datasheet and encryption key details. The module is based on the BK7231N chipset, with attempts to read firmware revealing a non-standard encryption key: 5cf97a16 repeated four times. The official datasheet is available on Tuya's developer platform, providing technical specifications for the T1-2S module. The warning about the non-standard encryption key indicates potential challenges in firmware extraction or modification. The firmware dump was shared for further analysis, highlighting the need for specialized handling due to encryption peculiarities.
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FAQ

TL;DR: New Tuya Mini Smart Switch units with T1-2S-NL boot as BK7238; backup showed 0 CRC errors, and a 60‑second pairing window. “Seems that you are perfectly right!” [Elektroda, 00svd00, post #21649217]

Why it matters: This FAQ helps tinkerers identify the right flash mode, pins, and energy‑meter quirks without bricking their switch.

Quick-Facts

Quick Facts

What is the Tuya T1‑2S‑NL module?

It’s a Tuya Wi‑Fi module used in newer mini smart switches. The thread links the official T1‑2S datasheet for specs and pinout context. If your PCB carries T1‑2S‑NL, expect TuyaOS firmware and UART pads for flashing. [Elektroda, 00svd00, post #21649141]

Does this switch boot in BK7238 mode?

Yes. Community testing indicates it boots and operates when treated as BK7238. One expert noted, “I think it will work in BK7238 mode.” Use BK7238 profile during backup or flashing. [Elektroda, p.kaczmarek2, post #21649205]

Which GPIO template worked on the reported unit?

Confirmed mapping: 1=WifiLED_n; 8=Rel; 9=Btn_Tgl_All; 24=TglChanOnTgl. The device booted and backed up without CRC errors using this setup. Apply this as your starting template. [Elektroda, 00svd00, post #21649217]

What factory encryption key did people see?

When probed as BK7231N/M, the tool read a repeating key 5cf97a16 and flagged it as non‑standard. Handle dumps with care and verify integrity before flashing. [Elektroda, 00svd00, post #21649141]

Is there an energy‑monitoring version of this switch?

Yes. Another sample with the same T1‑2S‑NL used a BL0942 energy meter. It began reporting only after loading the BL0942 driver via startDriver BL0942. [Elektroda, bovops, post #21696124]

Why do I get BL0942 errors in logs?

Factory logs showed read failures and a user‑write‑protect error for BL0942. That indicates either missing hardware on your board or an uninitialized/locked meter. This is an expected failure mode on non‑meter variants. [Elektroda, divadiow, post #21649943]

How do I wire power and UART for flashing on similar boards?

On a similar BK7238 unit: 3.3 V and GND to the AMS1117 regulator pins; TX1 and RX1 are on pins 29 and 30, already broken out. Confirm your pinout before connecting. 1) Connect 3.3 V and GND. 2) Wire TX1↔RX, RX1↔TX. 3) Use BK7238 profile to read/flash. [Elektroda, groove6j, post #21650893]

Will OTA work after flashing OpenBeken?

Only if you flashed with the bootloader overwrite flag enabled. Without that flag, OTA updates will not function, and you must reflash via UART for updates. [Elektroda, insmod, post #21650305]

How do I pair it, and what SSID should I expect?

Factory AP mode broadcast looked like SmartLife‑19D7 with a default channel. The log shows a 60‑second pairing window and BLE advertising. Power on, then join the SSID within that window. [Elektroda, divadiow, post #21649943]

Where was this particular unit bought and what does it look like?

One user sourced it from a local marketplace. It resembles a typical Tuya mini smart switch, but contact order differs from some older models. Photos in the thread illustrate the layout. [Elektroda, 00svd00, post #21649961]

How can I add this device to the OpenBeken device list?

Post a complete JSON template with filled fields, images, and any wiki links. The maintainers requested updates to the T1 devices list via the webapp repository. [Elektroda, p.kaczmarek2, post #21651110]

No model name on my board—what identifiers help others?

Share high‑resolution photos and any PCB silkscreen markings. Even brief silkscreen codes greatly help distinguish revisions in the device catalog. [Elektroda, divadiow, post #21651136]

Is Wi‑Fi powersave safe on BK7238 right now?

Proceed carefully. A user asked about powersave stability after seeing reports of potential crashes. If reliability matters, leave powersave off until your unit passes stress tests. [Elektroda, groove6j, post #21651807]

Is there an alternate pinout observed in the wild?

Yes. Another sample mapped 6=WifiLED_n; 8=Rel; 9=TglChanOnTgl; 26=Btn. Verify your board; manufacturers may ship differing layouts. [Elektroda, groove6j, post #21650893]

How do I enable energy readings when BL0942 is present?

Load the BL0942 driver in firmware. In OpenBeken, run startDriver BL0942, then check telemetry for voltage, current, and power. “Energy meter starts work after loading the driver.” [Elektroda, bovops, post #21696124]
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