Generic Tuya Downlights - Help me identify it and with directions

holchansgomes wrote:

can you help me with this?

Certainly! I'd be happy to assist you with your electronics question. To provide the most accurate and helpful support, could you please provide more details about the issue you're facing? Here are some points that would help me understand your problem better:

1. Specific Problem:
- What exactly do you need help with?
- Are you working on a particular circuit, device, or system?

2. Context:
- Is your question related to analog circuits, digital systems, microcontrollers, power electronics, signal processing, or another area?
- Are you designing, building, testing, or troubleshooting?

3. Symptoms or Errors:
- What symptoms or unexpected behaviors are you observing?
- Have you encountered any error messages or diagnostic codes?

4. Components and Equipment:
- What components, devices, or equipment are involved?
- Please provide part numbers, specifications, or datasheets if available.

5. Schematics and Diagrams:
- Do you have circuit diagrams, schematics, or PCB layouts you can share?
- Visual aids greatly assist in understanding the problem.

6. Measurements and Observations:
- Have you taken any measurements using a multimeter, oscilloscope, or other instruments?
- What were the results of these measurements?

7. Steps Taken So Far:
- What troubleshooting steps have you already attempted?
- Have you noticed any changes or patterns during your tests?

8. Additional Information:
- Any relevant code snippets if programming is involved.
- Environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity) if they might affect the situation.

Please provide as much detail as possible—the more information you share, the better I can assist you in diagnosing and resolving the issue. Once I have a clearer understanding of the problem, I can offer a detailed analysis and suggest potential solutions.

I'm looking forward to your response so we can work through this together.

holchansgomes wrote:

(...) ights best integrated with my HA?

Are these lights Cloudcutter-able? Should I solder an ESP32 chip on them or simply using the ESP32 BLE is good enough? https://obrazki.elektroda.pl/6476923500_1732430475.jpg https://obrazki.elektroda.pl/9607950300_1732430481.png
I know little to nothing so far...

It seems you've provided detailed images of your BLE smart light's internal PCB, specifically the module responsible for BLE communication and light control. Let's break down your situation based on these images and your question regarding integrating these lights with Home Assistant (HA):

---

Analysis of the PCB and BLE Module

1. BLE Chip Details:
- The central IC on the module in your PCB is marked B15C, typically used in Tuya BLE devices. This is a Telink IC commonly found in Tuya products.
- It uses a 16 MHz crystal oscillator for timing.
- This IC is specifically designed for Tuya BLE protocol.

2. LED Driver Setup:
- The board includes pins labeled `R`, `G`, `B`, `W`, and `Y`, likely corresponding to the Red, Green, Blue, Warm White, and Yellow LED channels.
- These outputs are likely controlled via PWM signals driven by the BLE module.
- Other components like resistors and capacitors around the module are for filtering and LED driver stabilization.

---

Your Options for Integration with Home Assistant

1. Check for Cloudcutter Compatibility
- Before considering hardware modifications or BLE bridging, determine if this Tuya BLE module (B15C) is supported by Cloudcutter.
- Visit the Cloudcutter GitHub repository, search for `B15C`, and confirm if your lights can be flashed with custom firmware to bypass Tuya cloud reliance.
- If compatible: Flash an open-source firmware like ESPHome or Tasmota using Cloudcutter to enable full local control and integration with HA. This is the most direct and robust solution.

---

2. Use an ESP32-S3 as a BLE Bridge
- Your ESP32-S3 boards, which feature built-in Bluetooth Low Energy, can act as BLE bridges. This approach requires no hardware modification to your existing lights.
- Use the ESP32 to interact with the Tuya BLE protocol, sending control commands (e.g., turning the lights on/off, dimming, changing colors) and bridging communication to HA.
- Steps:
1. Reverse Engineer BLE Commands: Use apps like nRF Connect or a BLE packet sniffer to capture data exchanged between the Tuya app and your BLE lights. Identify the commands for different light controls.
2. ESP32 BLE Libraries: Utilize Arduino's ESP32 BLE library or ESPHome to develop a custom BLE integration for your lights.
3. HA Integration: Configure the ESP32 to communicate incoming HA commands to the lights via BLE.

- Challenges: BLE protocol analysis and custom integration can be time-consuming. Some Tuya BLE devices may use encrypted communication, requiring extra effort to decode.

---

3. Modify Hardware with ESP32
- If neither Cloudcutter nor the BLE bridge option works, you can modify the hardware by replacing the BLE module with an ESP32 Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller. This approach enables full local control.
- Steps:
1. Desolder the B15C Module: Carefully remove the BLE IC from the module.
2. Wire the ESP32: Connect the ESP32's GPIO pins to the `R`, `G`, `B`, `W`, and `Y` channels on the board for direct LED control.
3. Program ESP32: Use ESPHome to create custom firmware managing the light's colors and brightness. It can integrate easily with HA over Wi-Fi.
4. Power: Ensure the ESP32 uses the same power supply driving the LEDs.

- Advantages: Full local control over the light and removal of Tuya's cloud dependency.
- Disadvantages: Requires advanced soldering and technical skills. Modifications are irreversible, and the manufacturer’s warranty will be voided.

---

4. Tuya BLE Native Integration with HA
- Some Tuya BLE devices can be controlled directly using community-developed Home Assistant integrations such as:
- ha_tuya_ble
- tuya_ble
- These integrations work with specific Tuya BLE products. Check if your lights are supported by referencing your BLE module details.
- If compatible, this software-based solution is the easiest and avoids the need for separate ESP32 or hardware modifications.
- Note: It may still rely on Tuya's cloud for certain functionalities.

---

Recommendation

1. Start with Cloudcutter: Check Cloudcutter compatibility. If compatible, flashing custom firmware will give you complete local control and seamless HA integration.
2. BLE Bridge via ESP32: If Cloudcutter fails, try reversing the Tuya BLE protocol and using an ESP32 BLE bridge for control. This avoids physical modification but requires BLE protocol learning.
3. Hardware Modify as a Last Resort: If BLE integration is too complex or does not meet expectations, replace the BLE module with an ESP32 microcontroller for direct HA integration without Tuya dependency.

---

Next Steps and Assistance

1. Gather More Details:
- Test compatibility with Cloudcutter.
- Identify BLE protocol commands using tools like `nRF Connect`.
- Check the compatibility of the BLE integrations with your specific device.

2. Expertise Level: If unfamiliar with soldering or firmware flashing, consider seeking an experienced hardware hacker or developer for assistance.

Let me know how you’d like to proceed, and I can provide step-by-step guidance for any of the options!

holchansgomes wrote:

(...) good point, about it being BLE, i dont think it is compatible with cloudcutter, right? The first step of using cloudcutter is having a WIFI card!

The BLE Bridge seems what i need, talk more about it. It is cloud dependent? Using this would be the way to go? https://github.com/shmuelzon/esp32-ble2mqtt?

You're correct—Cloudcutter isn't suitable for BLE-only devices like your lights because it focuses on Tuya devices with Wi-Fi capabilities. The initial step in using Cloudcutter involves connecting to a Wi-Fi network, which your BLE lights cannot do. Therefore, utilizing a BLE bridge with your ESP32-S3 devices is a practical solution for integrating your lights with Home Assistant (HA). This approach isn't cloud-dependent and allows for local control of your devices. Let's delve deeper into how this works and how the esp32-ble2mqtt project can help.

---

1. BLE Bridge Overview

A BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) Bridge uses an ESP32 device to communicate with your BLE lights and relays commands between them and HA over Wi-Fi and MQTT. This method:

- Eliminates Cloud Dependency: Operates entirely on your local network without relying on Tuya's cloud services.
- Requires No Hardware Modification: You don't need to physically alter your lights.
- Provides Flexibility: Can be extended to control other BLE devices in the future.

---

2. Using esp32-ble2mqtt

The [esp32-ble2mqtt](https://github.com/shmuelzon/esp32-ble2mqtt) project turns an ESP32 into a bridge that connects BLE devices to an MQTT broker. Here's how it fits your needs:

a) How It Works

- BLE Connection:
- The ESP32 scans for BLE devices (your lights) and establishes a connection.
- It interacts with the BLE services and characteristics to control the lights (e.g., turning on/off, adjusting brightness, changing colors).

- MQTT Communication:
- The ESP32 publishes data to an MQTT broker, which HA can subscribe to.
- It also subscribes to MQTT topics to receive commands from HA and sends them to the BLE devices.

b) Advantages

- Local Control: All communication stays within your local network.
- Scalable: Can handle multiple BLE devices.
- Open Source: Allows customization to suit your specific devices.

---

3. Implementation Steps

Step 1: Set Up Your MQTT Broker

- Install MQTT Broker:
- Set up a local MQTT broker like Mosquitto on the same network as your HA instance.
- Configure HA:
- Ensure HA is configured to communicate with your MQTT broker.

Step 2: Install esp32-ble2mqtt on ESP32-S3

- Clone the Repository:
- Download the project from GitHub.
- Configure the ESP32:
- Update the configuration files with your Wi-Fi network details and MQTT broker settings.
- Compile and Flash:
- Use the ESP-IDF (Espressif IoT Development Framework) to compile the firmware.
- Flash the firmware onto your ESP32-S3 device.

Step 3: Identify BLE Characteristics of Your Lights

- Use BLE Tools:
- Utilize apps like nRF Connect or BLE Scanner on your smartphone to discover the BLE services and characteristics of your lights.
- Record Necessary Information:
- Note the UUIDs for services and characteristics responsible for control functions (e.g., power, brightness, color).

Step 4: Configure esp32-ble2mqtt for Your Lights

- Update Configuration:
- Modify the esp32-ble2mqtt configuration to include your lights’ BLE addresses and the relevant services and characteristics.
- Set Up Topics:
- Define MQTT topics that correspond to the control functions of your lights.

Step 5: Integrate with Home Assistant

- Create MQTT Light Entities:
- In HA, configure MQTT Light entities that correspond to your lights.
- Use the same MQTT topics defined in esp32-ble2mqtt for state and command topics.
- Test Functionality:
- Restart HA and test turning the lights on/off, adjusting brightness, and changing colors from the HA interface.

---

4. Supporting Details and Explanations

Understanding BLE Protocols

- Proprietary Protocols:
- Tuya devices may use proprietary BLE protocols or encryption.
- Decryption Keys:
- Some devices require decryption keys, which might necessitate capturing them during the initial pairing with the Tuya app.
- Community Resources:
- Look for existing implementations or discussions in forums where others have integrated similar devices.

Using ESPHome as an Alternative

- ESPHome Integration:
- ESPHome now offers BLE client support and integrates seamlessly with HA.
- Simplified Configuration:
- Uses YAML configuration files, potentially making setup easier.
- Custom Components:
- You might need to create custom components if your devices aren't supported out of the box.

---

5. Caveats and Additional Considerations

Technical Challenges

- BLE Protocol Complexity:
- Decoding BLE communication can be complex if the protocol isn't documented.
- Time Investment:
- Expect to spend time on trial and error during the configuration process.

Potential Obstacles

- Encrypted Communication:
- If your lights use encrypted BLE communication, additional steps will be required to decrypt and interpret the data.
- Support and Community Help:
- Engaging with the HA community and forums can provide valuable assistance.

Future Expansion

- Additional Devices:
- Once set up, you can add more BLE devices to your system.
- Updates and Maintenance:
- Keep your ESP32 firmware and HA configurations updated for security and functionality.

---

6. Conclusion and Recommendations

Using an ESP32-S3 as a BLE bridge with the esp32-ble2mqtt project is an effective way to integrate your BLE-only Tuya lights with Home Assistant without relying on cloud services. This method offers local control, flexibility, and scalability.

Next Steps:

1. Set Up MQTT Broker and HA Integration:
- Ensure your MQTT broker is running and HA is configured to use it.

2. Install and Configure esp32-ble2mqtt:
- Flash your ESP32-S3 and set up the necessary configurations.

3. Identify and Configure BLE Characteristics:
- Use BLE scanning tools to find the services and characteristics needed for control.

4. Test and Troubleshoot:
- Begin testing control of your lights through HA and troubleshoot any issues.

5. Seek Community Support if Needed:
- Utilize forums and community guides if you encounter challenges.

---

Let me know if you need detailed guidance on any of these steps or if you have questions about configuring esp32-ble2mqtt or integrating it with Home Assistant. I'm here to help you achieve a smooth and efficient setup.

holchansgomes wrote:

First lets focus on the sniffing on the BLE. I have a tuya app, the lamps are in place, i have a rooted android, what next? @ElektrodaBot First lets focus on the sniffing on the BLE. I have a tuya app, the lamps are in place, i have a rooted android, what next?

Certainly! Focusing on sniffing the BLE communication is a critical step toward integrating your Tuya BLE lights with Home Assistant (HA) using an ESP32 BLE bridge. With your rooted Android device, the Tuya app, and your lamps in place, you're well-equipped to capture and analyze the BLE packets exchanged between the app and your lights. Here's a detailed guide on how to proceed:

---

1. Prerequisites

Before starting, ensure you have the following tools and equipment:

- Rooted Android Device with the Tuya Smart or Smart Life app installed.
- Access to Your BLE Lamps that you wish to integrate.
- ADB (Android Debug Bridge) installed on your computer.
- Wireshark installed on your computer for packet analysis.
- USB Cable to connect your Android device to your computer.
- Optional: Apps like nRF Connect for BLE scanning and exploration.

---

2. Enable Bluetooth HCI Snoop Log on Android

The Bluetooth HCI Snoop Log records all Bluetooth communication, including BLE packets, allowing you to capture the data exchanged between the Tuya app and your lamps.

Steps:

1. Enable Developer Options:

- Go to Settings > About Phone.
- Tap on Build Number seven times until you see a message confirming that Developer Options are enabled.
- Enter your device password if prompted.

2. Activate Bluetooth HCI Snoop Log:

- Navigate to Settings > System > Developer Options (the path may vary depending on your Android version).
- Scroll down and find Enable Bluetooth HCI snoop log.
- Toggle it ON.

3. Restart Bluetooth Service:

- Turn Bluetooth off and then back on to initiate logging.
- Alternatively, reboot your Android device to ensure the logging process starts properly.

---

3. Interact with Your Lamps via the Tuya App

With the HCI Snoop Log enabled, you can now capture the BLE communication by interacting with your lamps.

Steps:

1. Open the Tuya App:

- Launch the Tuya Smart or Smart Life app on your Android device.

2. Perform Control Actions:

- Turn On/Off: Toggle the lamps on and off.
- Adjust Brightness: Change the brightness levels.
- Change Colors (if applicable): Modify the color settings.
- Repeat Actions: Perform each action multiple times to ensure consistent data capture.

3. Note the Actions and Timing:

- Keep a detailed log of the actions you perform and the exact times. This will help correlate the captured packets with specific commands during analysis.

---

4. Retrieve the Bluetooth HCI Snoop Log

After capturing the communication, you'll need to extract the `btsnoop_hci.log` file from your Android device.

Steps:

1. Connect Your Android Device to Your Computer:

- Use a USB cable to connect your device.
- Ensure that USB Debugging is enabled in Developer Options.

2. Use ADB to Pull the Log File:

- Open a command prompt or terminal on your computer.
- Navigate to the directory containing the ADB tool.
- Execute the command:



- If the file isn't in `/sdcard/`, it might be located at `/data/misc/bluetooth/logs/`. In that case, use:



- Root access may be required to access certain directories.

3. Verify the Log File:

- Confirm that the `btsnoop_hci.log` file has been successfully transferred to your computer.

---

5. Analyze the BLE Traffic with Wireshark

Now, you'll use Wireshark to analyze the captured BLE packets and identify the commands used by the Tuya app to control your lamps.

Steps:

1. Open the Log File in Wireshark:

- Launch Wireshark.
- Go to File > Open and select the `btsnoop_hci.log` file.

2. Apply BLE Filters:

- To focus on BLE packets, use the following display filter:



- Alternatively, filter packets by the Bluetooth Device Address (MAC address) of your lamp:



- Replace `AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF` with your lamp's MAC address.

3. Identify GATT Protocol Transactions:

- Expand packets to view the Bluetooth ATT (Attribute Protocol) and GATT (Generic Attribute Profile) layers.
- Look for Write Requests, Read Requests, and Notifications.

4. Correlate Actions with Packets:

- Use the timestamps and your action log to match specific packets with lamp control actions.
- Identify the Characteristic UUIDs and Handles associated with each function (e.g., power, brightness).

5. Analyze Packet Details:

- Examine the Value field within Write Requests to see the data sent to the lamp.
- Note patterns or consistent data structures corresponding to specific commands.

---

6. Decoding the BLE Commands

Understanding the BLE commands is essential to replicate them with your ESP32.

Tips:

- Characteristic UUIDs and Handles:

- UUIDs identify the service or characteristic.
- Handles are used in BLE communication to reference these characteristics efficiently.

- Data Payloads:

- The Value field contains the actual command data.
- Look for correlations between the payload and the action performed.

- Example:

- Turning On: Payload might be `0x01` or `0x0100`.
- Turning Off: Payload could be `0x00` or `0x0000`.
- Brightness Levels: Payload values may range from `0x00` to `0x64` (0 to 100%).

- Document Findings:

- Create a table mapping:

- Action Performed
- Characteristic UUID/Handle
- Data Payload
- Description

---

7. Addressing Encrypted Communication

Some Tuya BLE devices use encryption, which can complicate the decoding process.

Approach:

1. Determine if Encryption is Used:

- If the payload data appears random or doesn't change predictably with actions, encryption might be present.

2. Capture the Pairing Process:

- Unpair and reset your lamp to factory settings.
- Start a fresh pairing process while the HCI Snoop Log is active.
- Capture any key exchanges or authentication procedures.

3. Obtain Encryption Keys:

- The Tuya app may exchange encryption keys during pairing.
- Advanced methods involve using tools like Frida or Xposed Framework to intercept and extract keys from the app.

Note: Be cautious with these methods, as they can be complex and may have legal implications.

---

8. Alternative Methods

If you're unable to decode the BLE communication due to encryption or complexity, consider these alternatives:

Existing Home Assistant Integrations:

- ha_tuya_ble Integration:

- A Home Assistant custom component that supports certain Tuya BLE devices.
- May require obtaining device IDs and encryption keys from the Tuya IoT platform.

- tuya-ble and Other Projects:

- Explore community projects on GitHub that may have already implemented support for similar devices.
- These may provide libraries or code snippets to facilitate integration.

Consulting Community Forums:

- Home Assistant Community:

- Engage with users who have experience integrating Tuya BLE devices.
- They may offer insights or solutions specific to your lamp model.

- Elektroda Forum:

- Share your findings and seek advice from fellow electronics enthusiasts.

---

9. Preparing the ESP32 BLE Bridge

Once you have decoded the BLE commands, you can proceed to configure your ESP32 to control the lamps.

Using esp32-ble2mqtt:

1. Clone the Repository:

- Download esp32-ble2mqtt from GitHub.

2. Configure BLE Devices:

- In the configuration files, specify the BLE devices (your lamps) by their MAC addresses.
- Define the characteristics and data formats based on your findings.

3. Set Up MQTT Topics:

- Map the BLE commands to MQTT topics that HA will use.
- Configure command and state topics accordingly.

4. Compile and Flash the Firmware:

- Use the ESP-IDF or PlatformIO to compile the firmware.
- Flash it onto your ESP32-S3 device.

Integrate with Home Assistant:

1. Configure MQTT in HA:

- Ensure HA is connected to your MQTT broker (e.g., Mosquitto).

2. Set Up MQTT Light Entities:

- Define lights in your `configuration.yaml` using the `mqtt` platform.
- Specify command topics and state topics that correspond to your ESP32 configuration.

3. Test Control Functions:

- Restart HA and test controlling your lamps through the HA interface.
- Verify that the lamps respond correctly to commands.

---

10. Caveats and Additional Considerations

Technical Challenges:

- Time Investment:

- Sniffing and decoding BLE communication can be time-consuming and requires patience.

- Complex Protocols:

- Proprietary or undocumented protocols may present challenges.

Legal and Ethical Considerations:

- Compliance:

- Ensure you have the right to analyze and modify your devices.
- Respect software licenses and terms of service.

Security Implications:

- Data Handling:

- Be cautious with sensitive data like encryption keys.
- Securely store any credentials or keys you obtain.

Support Resources:

- Community Assistance:

- Utilize forums, GitHub issues, and community chats for support.

- Documentation:

- Keep thorough documentation of your process for future reference or to help others.

---

Conclusion

By capturing and analyzing the BLE communication between your Tuya app and lamps, you can uncover the commands needed to control your devices locally. This empowers you to set up an ESP32 BLE bridge, enabling integration with Home Assistant without relying on cloud services.

---

Next Steps

1. Proceed with BLE Sniffing:

- Enable the HCI Snoop Log and capture the necessary BLE traffic.

2. Analyze and Document Commands:

- Use Wireshark to decode the BLE packets and map out the control commands.

3. Configure Your ESP32 BLE Bridge:

- Set up the esp32-ble2mqtt firmware with your specific device information.

4. Integrate with Home Assistant:

- Define MQTT entities and test control of your lamps via HA.

5. Troubleshoot and Refine:

- Be prepared to troubleshoot issues and refine your configuration as needed.

---

Please let me know if you need further assistance with any of these steps, or if you have questions about specific aspects of the process. I'm here to help you achieve a successful integration of your BLE lamps with Home Assistant.

holchansgomes wrote:

Can be done without the Android device? Using only the ESP32? @ElektrodaBot Can be done without the Android device? Using only the ESP32?

Yes, it is possible to reverse-engineer and integrate your Tuya BLE lights with Home Assistant (HA) using only your ESP32 devices, without the need for a rooted Android device. By leveraging the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) capabilities of the ESP32, you can scan, connect, and communicate directly with your lights to decipher the control commands and set up a BLE bridge for HA integration.

---

Direct Answer to Your Question

You can use your ESP32 devices to capture and analyze the BLE communication with your Tuya lights by programming them to interact directly with the lights' BLE services and characteristics. This approach involves scanning for the devices, discovering their BLE profiles, and experimenting with read and write operations to understand how to control them. While this method requires more advanced programming and a good understanding of BLE protocols, it eliminates the need for an Android device and allows for local, cloud-independent integration with Home Assistant.

---

Detailed Step-by-Step Problem Analysis

1. Understand the Limitations and Challenges

- BLE Sniffing Limitations:
- The ESP32 cannot perform passive BLE sniffing at the packet level like specialized BLE sniffers (e.g., Nordic nRF Sniffer with Wireshark).
- It cannot intercept or monitor communication between the Tuya app and the lights if encryption or proprietary protocols are used.
- Direct Interaction Approach:
- Instead of sniffing, you'll be directly connecting to the lights and interacting with their BLE services.
- This method relies on exploring the lights' available services and characteristics to determine control commands.

2. Set Up Your ESP32 Development Environment

- Required Tools:
- ESP32 Development Board (e.g., ESP32-S3).
- Arduino IDE or PlatformIO for code development.
- ESP32 BLE Libraries, such as the ESP32 BLE Arduino library.
- Install Necessary Libraries:
- In the Arduino IDE, go to Library Manager and install the ESP32 BLE Arduino library.

3. Scan for BLE Devices to Identify Your Lights

- Write a BLE Scanner Sketch:



- Identify Your Lights:
- Run the sketch and look for devices that match the manufacturer or signal strength.
- Note down the MAC addresses of your lights for further steps.

4. Connect to the Tuya BLE Lights

- Establish a BLE Client Connection:



- Handle Pairing and Security:
- If the device requires pairing or authentication, additional code may be necessary to handle BLE security.

5. Discover Services and Characteristics

- Service Discovery:



- Characteristic Discovery:
- Iterate through the characteristics of the service to find those related to control functions.



- Note Down UUIDs:
- Record the UUIDs of all discovered services and characteristics for reference.

6. Interact with Characteristics to Determine Control Commands

- Attempt to Read Characteristics:



- Attempt to Write to Characteristics:



- Experiment with Different Data Payloads:
- Try different values to observe how the light responds.
- Document the effects of each payload on the light's behavior.

7. Analyze Responses and Determine Command Structure

- Monitor Light's Reactions:
- Observe changes in the light when writing to characteristics.
- Determine Control Functions:
- Identify which characteristics and data values correspond to specific functions (e.g., power, brightness, color).

8. Develop Control Code for the ESP32

- Implement Control Functions:
- Create functions in your ESP32 code to control the light based on your findings.



- Test All Functions:
- Confirm that each control function works reliably.

9. Integrate with Home Assistant via MQTT

- Set Up MQTT Communication:
- Install an MQTT broker (e.g., Mosquitto) accessible by both HA and ESP32.
- Modify ESP32 Code to Use MQTT:
- Use an MQTT library to publish and subscribe to topics.



- Configure HA to Communicate with ESP32:
- Define MQTT light entities in HA's `configuration.yaml`.



10. Final Testing and Refinement

- Test the Integration:
- From HA, try turning the light on/off and adjusting settings.
- Troubleshoot Issues:
- Check for connectivity problems or command discrepancies.
- Optimize Code:
- Ensure the ESP32 maintains a stable connection and handles reconnections gracefully.

---

Supporting Details and Explanations

- BLE GATT Profile:
- BLE devices use the Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) to define services and characteristics.
- Services are collections of characteristics that serve a common function.
- UUIDs:
- Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) identify services and characteristics.
- Tuya devices may use standard or custom UUIDs.
- Data Payloads:
- The data sent to characteristics may be in specific formats (e.g., byte arrays).
- Understanding the expected format is crucial for successful communication.

Caveats and Additional Considerations

- Encryption and Authentication:
- If the device uses encrypted communication or requires authentication, it may be challenging to interact without proper keys.
- Reverse-engineering encrypted protocols is complex and may not always be feasible.
- Proprietary Protocols:
- Tuya devices might use proprietary BLE protocols, requiring more in-depth analysis.
- Technical Expertise Required:
- This approach demands familiarity with programming, BLE protocols, and debugging.
- Time Investment:
- Be prepared to spend considerable time experimenting and testing.
- Community Resources:
- Search for existing projects or libraries that have already implemented support for Tuya BLE devices.
- Engaging with forums or communities may provide valuable insights.

---

Recommendations

- Consider ESPHome:
- ESPHome supports BLE clients and may simplify integration.
- Allows configuration using YAML files and integrates well with HA.

- Explore Existing Integrations:
- Look for Home Assistant custom components or MQTT bridges that support Tuya BLE devices.

- Use a BLE Sniffer (Optional):
- If challenges arise, using a dedicated BLE sniffer like the Nordic nRF Sniffer can provide deeper insights.

---

Conclusion

While it is possible to integrate your Tuya BLE lights with Home Assistant using only the ESP32, it requires a solid understanding of BLE communication and programming skills to interact directly with the devices. By methodically discovering services and characteristics, experimenting with control commands, and implementing an MQTT bridge, you can achieve local, cloud-independent control of your lights.

---

Feel free to reach out if you need further assistance with code examples, troubleshooting, or any other aspect of this process. I'm here to help you successfully integrate your BLE lights with Home Assistant using your ESP32 devices.

holchansgomes wrote:

Could this be the answer: https://github.com/markusg1234/ha_tuya_ble

Yes, the project you've referenced—ha_tuya_ble—could indeed provide the solution you're seeking to integrate your Tuya BLE lights with Home Assistant (HA). This custom integration is specifically designed to control Tuya BLE devices directly from HA, potentially eliminating the need to reverse-engineer BLE commands or use an ESP32 as a BLE bridge.

---

Detailed Step-by-Step Problem Analysis

1. Understanding the ha_tuya_ble Integration

- Purpose:
- `ha_tuya_ble` is a custom component for Home Assistant that allows direct communication with Tuya BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) devices over Bluetooth.
- It aims to provide local control of Tuya BLE devices without relying on Tuya's cloud services.

- Supported Devices:
- The integration supports a range of Tuya BLE devices, including lights, sensors, and switches.
- It's essential to verify whether your specific BLE light model is supported or can be added to the integration.

- Functionality:
- By leveraging Home Assistant's Bluetooth capabilities, `ha_tuya_ble` interacts with your BLE lights to control power, brightness, color, and other features.

2. Verifying Device Compatibility

- Identify Your Device:
- Determine your light's exact model number, product ID, or any identifiable information (e.g., from the packaging or user manual).
- Note the device's MAC address if possible.

- Check Supported Devices List:
- Visit the ha_tuya_ble GitHub repository.
- Review the list of supported devices in the documentation or README.
- If your device is not listed, check the issues or discussions section to see if others have added support or requested it.

- Community Engagement:
- If your device isn't supported, you can raise an issue on the repository to request support.
- Provide details like device model, capabilities, and any logs or information that can help developers add support.

3. Installation and Configuration

Prerequisites:

- Home Assistant Instance:
- Ensure you have Home Assistant running on hardware that supports Bluetooth (e.g., Raspberry Pi with built-in Bluetooth or a USB Bluetooth adapter).

- HACS (Home Assistant Community Store):
- Install HACS if you haven't already. It's a custom component manager for HA that simplifies installing custom integrations.

Installation Steps:

1. Install HACS:

- Follow the HACS installation guide to set it up.

2. Install ha_tuya_ble Integration:

- In Home Assistant, navigate to HACS > Integrations > click the + button.
- Search for "ha_tuya_ble".
- Select it from the search results and click Install.

3. Restart Home Assistant:

- After installation, restart HA to load the new integration.

Configuration Steps:

1. Obtain Device Information:

- Device ID and Encryption Key:
- Some Tuya devices require an encryption key for local control.
- Use the Tuya IoT Platform to create a developer account.
- Create a cloud project, link your Tuya app account, and retrieve the device ID and local key for your devices.
- Detailed instructions can be found in this guide.

2. Add the Integration in Home Assistant:

- Go to Configuration > Devices & Services > click Add Integration.
- Search for "Tuya BLE" and select the `ha_tuya_ble` integration.

3. Configure the Integration:

- Enter the device information when prompted:
- Device MAC Address
- Device ID
- Local Key
- Save the configuration.

4. Verify Device Discovery:

- The integration should discover your BLE lights if they're in range.
- Check the Entities list to confirm that your lights have been added.

4. Testing and Integration with Home Assistant

- Control the Lights:

- Use the HA interface to turn the lights on/off, adjust brightness, and change colors.
- Ensure all functions are working as expected.

- Automate and Customize:

- Create automations and scripts in HA to control your lights based on time, sensor input, or other criteria.
- Integrate the lights into scenes and groups.

- Monitor Performance:

- Observe the responsiveness of the lights.
- Ensure that control is reliable and there are no significant delays.

---

Supporting Details and Explanations

Benefits of Using ha_tuya_ble

- Local Control Without Cloud Dependency:
- Improves privacy and reduces latency since commands don't need to go through Tuya's servers.
- Continues to function even if your internet connection is down.

- Simplified Setup Compared to BLE Bridging:
- Avoids the complexity of setting up an ESP32 as a BLE bridge or reverse-engineering BLE commands.

- Community Support and Updates:
- Active development and community contributions can lead to improved device support and features over time.

Understanding Tuya Device Credentials

- Device ID and Local Key:
- The Device ID uniquely identifies your device on the Tuya platform.
- The Local Key is used for encrypting/decrypting local communications.
- Obtaining these keys allows HA to communicate securely and directly with the devices.

- Security Considerations:
- Keep your Local Key confidential to prevent unauthorized access to your devices.
- Changing your Tuya account password or resetting the device may require re-obtaining new keys.

Home Assistant Bluetooth Requirements

- Hardware Compatibility:
- Ensure your HA hardware supports BLE communication.
- USB Bluetooth adapters may require specific drivers or configurations.

- Range and Interference:
- Bluetooth has a limited range (~10 meters).
- Physical obstacles and other wireless devices may affect connectivity.

---

Caveats and Additional Considerations

Device Compatibility Limitations

- Unsupported Devices:
- If your light model is not supported, the integration may not work out of the box.
- Adding support may require development effort, such as capturing BLE communication to identify commands.

- Updates and Changes:
- Firmware updates from Tuya could alter device behavior.
- Avoid updating device firmware if your setup is working unless necessary.

Potential Challenges in Obtaining Device Keys

- Tuya IoT Platform Complexity:
- The process of setting up a developer account and retrieving keys can be intricate.
- Follow step-by-step guides carefully to avoid issues.

- Policy Changes:
- Tuya may change their policies or platform features, affecting access to device information.

Alternative Solutions

- ESP32 BLE Bridge:
- If `ha_tuya_ble` doesn't support your device, consider using an ESP32 as a BLE-to-MQTT bridge.
- Projects like `esp32-ble2mqtt` or custom ESPHome configurations can facilitate this.

- Reverse Engineering:
- As a last resort, you can attempt to capture and decode BLE commands yourself.
- This requires significant technical expertise and time investment.

---

Conclusion and Recommendations

Using the `ha_tuya_ble` integration offers a promising and efficient solution to integrate your Tuya BLE lights with Home Assistant, providing local control without the need for additional hardware or complex reverse-engineering efforts.

Next Steps:

1. Verify Device Support:
- Check if your specific light model is supported by `ha_tuya_ble`.

2. Install and Configure the Integration:
- Follow the outlined steps to install via HACS and configure the integration.

3. Obtain Device Credentials:
- Use the Tuya IoT Platform to retrieve your Device ID and Local Key.

4. Test Thoroughly:
- Confirm all functionalities work as expected within Home Assistant.

5. Engage with the Community:
- If you encounter issues or need assistance, consult the GitHub repository's issues page or Home Assistant community forums.

6. Consider Hardware Placement:
- Ensure your HA instance or Bluetooth adapter is within an effective range of your BLE lights.

Additional Tips:

- Backup Configurations:
- Regularly back up your HA configurations and note down device credentials.

- Stay Informed:
- Monitor the `ha_tuya_ble` repository for updates or changes that may affect your setup.

- Security Practices:
- Keep your Home Assistant instance updated to protect against vulnerabilities.

---

Feel free to reach out if you need further assistance with any of these steps or if you have additional questions. I'm here to support you in successfully integrating your Tuya BLE lights with Home Assistant.

holchansgomes wrote:

(...) s? Without needing a Tuya Hub/Bridge? @ElektrodaBot What if my device is not supported ?

What should i do then to add it?

Also i dont have a bluetooth in the computer im running home assistant OS but i have esp32 with bluetooth, can they be used as bridged proxys? Without needing a Tuya Hub/Bridge?

Direct Answer to Your Questions

If your Tuya BLE device is not supported by the `ha_tuya_ble` integration, you can add support by capturing and analyzing the device's BLE communication to extend the integration. Additionally, since your Home Assistant OS lacks a Bluetooth adapter, you can use your ESP32 devices as Bluetooth proxies or bridges to connect your BLE devices to Home Assistant, eliminating the need for a Tuya Hub or Bridge.

---

1. Adding Support for Your Unsupported Device

a) Capturing BLE Communication

To add support for your device, you'll need to understand how it communicates over Bluetooth. Here's how you can proceed:

- Use an ESP32 for BLE Scanning:

- Set Up BLE Scanner on ESP32:
- Program your ESP32 with a BLE scanning sketch (using the ESP32 Arduino Core or ESP-IDF) to discover nearby BLE devices.
- Identify your Tuya BLE device by its MAC address and available services.

- Discover Services and Characteristics:
- Connect to your device and perform service discovery to list all available services and characteristics.

- Alternatively, Use a BLE Sniffer:

- BLE Sniffing Tools:
- If available, use a dedicated BLE sniffer like the nRF52840 USB dongle with Wireshark to capture BLE traffic.
- This can help uncover the communication protocols between the Tuya app and your device.

- Analyze the Communication:

- Identify Control Commands:
- Observe the characteristics and data payloads that control functions like power, brightness, and color.

- Document Findings:
- Record all UUIDs, handles, and data formats for reference.

b) Extending the `ha_tuya_ble` Integration

- Modify the Integration:

- Add Support for Your Device:
- With the information gathered, you can modify the `ha_tuya_ble` integration to include your device's specifics.

- Python Programming:
- The integration is written in Python. Familiarity with Python and BLE communication is necessary.

- Contribute to the Community:

- Share Your Work:
- Submit a pull request or share your code changes with the `ha_tuya_ble` community for potential inclusion.

- Seek Assistance:
- Engage with the developers if you need help or guidance.

---

2. Using ESP32 as a Bluetooth Proxy

Since your Home Assistant system lacks a Bluetooth adapter, leveraging your ESP32 as a Bluetooth proxy is an effective solution.

a) Setting Up ESPHome Bluetooth Proxy

- Install ESPHome on ESP32:

- Flash ESPHome Firmware:
- Connect your ESP32 to your computer and flash it with ESPHome firmware configured as a Bluetooth proxy.
- Use the following minimal ESPHome configuration:



- Integrate with Home Assistant:

- Automatic Discovery:
- After flashing, the ESP32 should be discovered by Home Assistant as a Bluetooth proxy.

- Confirm Functionality:
- Check that the ESP32 is listed under Settings > Devices & Services > Integrations.

b) Benefits of Using ESPHome Bluetooth Proxy

- No Additional Hardware Required:
- Utilize existing ESP32 devices without purchasing a Bluetooth adapter.

- Extended Range:
- Place ESP32 devices close to your BLE devices to improve connectivity.

- Simplified Integration:
- ESPHome integrates seamlessly with Home Assistant, making setup straightforward.

---

3. Using ESP32 as a BLE-to-MQTT Bridge

Alternatively, you can use your ESP32 as a BLE-to-MQTT bridge to connect your BLE devices to Home Assistant.

a) Setting Up esp32-ble2mqtt

- Install esp32-ble2mqtt:

- Download the Firmware:
- Obtain the `esp32-ble2mqtt` project from GitHub.

- Configure Wi-Fi and MQTT Settings:
- Edit the configuration to include your Wi-Fi credentials and MQTT broker details.

- Configure BLE Devices:

- Define Your Device:
- Specify your BLE device's MAC address and the characteristics you wish to interact with.

- Map Characteristics to MQTT Topics:
- Set up mappings so that BLE characteristics correspond to MQTT topics for commands and state updates.

b) Integrate with Home Assistant

- Set Up MQTT Broker:

- Install MQTT Broker:
- Use an MQTT broker like Mosquitto, which can be added via Home Assistant's Add-on Store.

- Configure MQTT Entities:

- Create MQTT Light Entities:
- In your `configuration.yaml`, define light entities that correspond to your BLE devices.



- Control Your Devices:

- Test Functionality:
- Use Home Assistant's interface to control your BLE devices and ensure commands are relayed correctly.

---

Supporting Details and Explanations

Understanding BLE Communication

- Services and Characteristics:
- BLE devices use services and characteristics identified by UUIDs to organize data and commands.

- Challenges with Proprietary Protocols:
- Tuya devices may use proprietary or encrypted protocols, making analysis more complex.

- Reverse Engineering Tools:
- Utilize tools like nRF Connect app to explore BLE devices if a BLE sniffer is unavailable.

Community Resources

- Forums and Repositories:
- Engage with communities like the Home Assistant forum or the Elektroda forum for support.

- Existing Projects:
- Search for others who have integrated similar devices for guidance.

---

Caveats and Additional Considerations

Technical Complexity

- Skill Requirements:
- Adding support for an unsupported device or setting up a BLE bridge requires technical expertise in electronics and programming.

BLE Range Limitations

- Proximity Matters:
- BLE has a limited range (~10 meters). Ensure your ESP32 devices are within range of your BLE devices for reliable communication.

Encryption and Security

- Encrypted Communication:
- If your device uses encryption, additional steps may be needed to obtain encryption keys, potentially involving the Tuya IoT Platform.

- Privacy Considerations:
- Be cautious when handling sensitive information like encryption keys.

Maintenance

- Firmware Updates:
- Avoid updating the firmware of your Tuya devices, as this may change protocols and break integration.

- Staying Updated:
- Keep your ESPHome or esp32-ble2mqtt firmware up to date for the latest features and fixes.

---

Conclusion and Recommendations

Since your device is not currently supported and your Home Assistant setup lacks Bluetooth, using your ESP32 devices as Bluetooth proxies is an effective solution. Here are the recommended next steps:

1. Set Up ESPHome Bluetooth Proxy:

- Flash ESPHome firmware onto your ESP32 devices configured as Bluetooth proxies.
- Integrate them with Home Assistant to extend Bluetooth capabilities.

2. Attempt to Integrate with ha_tuya_ble:

- After setting up the Bluetooth proxy, see if your device is recognized by `ha_tuya_ble`.
- If not, proceed to gather information to add support.

3. Add Support for Your Device:

- Capture and analyze your device's BLE communication to identify necessary characteristics and commands.
- Extend the `ha_tuya_ble` integration with your findings.

4. Alternatively, Use ESP32 as BLE-to-MQTT Bridge:

- Set up `esp32-ble2mqtt` if `ha_tuya_ble` cannot be extended.
- Integrate your devices with Home Assistant via MQTT.

5. Engage with the Community:

- Share your progress and seek assistance on forums or GitHub repositories.
- Contributing your findings can help others with similar devices.

---

Feel free to ask if you need detailed guidance on any of these steps or assistance with configurations and code. I'm here to support you in integrating your Tuya BLE devices with Home Assistant using your ESP32 devices.

holchansgomes wrote:

What i meant is, using https://github.com/markusg1234/ha_tuya_ble if my device is not supported i can add its implementation? If thats the way give me an example on how to...

also my question about being possible to use esp32's as bridge/proxys remains, does https://github.com/markusg1234/ha_tuya_ble supports it? Or only using a Tuya Hub or a bluetooth capable machine?

Direct Answers to Your Questions

1. Adding Support for an Unsupported Device in `ha_tuya_ble`:

Yes, you can add support for an unsupported Tuya BLE device in the `ha_tuya_ble` integration by implementing its specific communication protocol into the integration. This involves capturing and analyzing the BLE communication between your device and the Tuya app, then modifying the integration code to handle your device's characteristics and commands. I'll provide a step-by-step example on how to do this below.

2. Using ESP32 as Bridges/Proxies with `ha_tuya_ble`:

The `ha_tuya_ble` integration does not natively support using ESP32 devices as Bluetooth bridges or proxies. It requires a Bluetooth-capable machine running Home Assistant to communicate directly with the Tuya BLE devices. However, you can use ESP32 devices configured with ESPHome as Bluetooth proxies to extend your Home Assistant's Bluetooth capabilities, allowing you to control your Tuya BLE devices without a Tuya Hub or a built-in Bluetooth adapter on your Home Assistant machine.

---

1. Adding Support for an Unsupported Device in `ha_tuya_ble`

To add your unsupported device to the `ha_tuya_ble` integration, you'll need to:

- Capture the BLE communication between the Tuya app and your device.
- Analyze the data to understand the device's protocol.
- Modify the `ha_tuya_ble` integration to include your device.

Step-by-Step Guide

a) Capture and Analyze BLE Communication

1. Prepare the Necessary Tools:

- BLE Sniffing App: Install a BLE scanning app like nRF Connect (Android) or LightBlue (iOS) on a smartphone.
- Tuya App: Ensure the official Tuya app (Tuya Smart or Smart Life) is installed on another device.
- Your Tuya BLE Device is powered on and reset to factory settings, if necessary.

2. Discover Services and Characteristics:

- Open the BLE scanning app and connect to your Tuya BLE device.
- Navigate through the services and characteristics to identify the ones used for control.
- Note down the UUIDs of relevant services and characteristics.

3. Monitor Communication:

- While the scanning app maintains a connection to the device, use the Tuya app to control the device.
- Observe changes in characteristics or notifications in the scanning app when you perform actions (e.g., turning the device on/off, changing brightness).
- Record the data sent for each action.

4. Document Findings:

- Create a table mapping device actions to characteristic UUIDs and data payloads.
- Example:

| Action | Characteristic UUID | Payload |
|-----------------|-----------------------------------------|------------|
| Turn On | 0000abcd-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb | 0x01 |
| Turn Off | 0000abcd-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb | 0x00 |
| Set Brightness | 0000dcba-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb | 0x00 - 0x64|

b) Modify the `ha_tuya_ble` Integration

1. Set Up a Development Environment:

- Install Home Assistant on a system where you can modify custom components.
- Install Visual Studio Code or another code editor.
- Ensure you have Python experience for editing the integration.

2. Install `ha_tuya_ble`:

- Install the integration via HACS (Home Assistant Community Store) or manually by placing it in the `custom_components` directory.
- Restart Home Assistant after installation.

3. Create a New Device File:

- Navigate to `custom_components/ha_tuya_ble/tuya_ble/`.
- Create a new Python file for your device, e.g., `my_tuya_ble_light.py`.

4. Implement Your Device Class:

- Import necessary classes:



- Define a new class for your device:



5. Register Your Device:

- In `custom_components/ha_tuya_ble/__init__.py` or the relevant devices registry file, add your device to the list of supported devices:



- Replace `'my_tuya_ble_light_product_id'` with your device's actual product ID or identifier.

6. Handle Encryption (If Necessary):

- Some Tuya devices use encrypted communication.
- You may need the device ID and local key, obtainable from the Tuya IoT Platform.
- Implement encryption and decryption in your device class as required.

7. Test Your Implementation:

- Restart Home Assistant.
- Add your device via the `ha_tuya_ble` integration.
- Verify that you can control your device through Home Assistant.

8. Debug and Refine:

- Check logs for any errors.
- Adjust your code based on testing outcomes.

9. Share Your Work:

- Consider contributing your device implementation back to the `ha_tuya_ble` project via a pull request.
- Provide documentation and testing results to assist maintainers.

---

2. Using ESP32 as Bridges/Proxies

While `ha_tuya_ble` doesn't natively support ESP32 devices as bridges or proxies, you can still use ESP32 devices to extend Bluetooth capabilities in Home Assistant.

Using ESPHome Bluetooth Proxy

1. Configure ESPHome on ESP32:

- Install ESPHome and create a configuration for your ESP32 device with Bluetooth proxy enabled.



- Replace `"your_ssid"` and `"your_password"` with your Wi-Fi credentials.

2. Flash the ESP32:

- Upload the ESPHome configuration to your ESP32 device.
- ESPHome can be installed as an add-on in Home Assistant for easy management.

3. Integrate with Home Assistant:

- Home Assistant will automatically detect the ESP32 as a Bluetooth proxy.
- The ESP32 will relay Bluetooth data between your Tuya BLE devices and Home Assistant.

4. Use with `ha_tuya_ble`:

- With the Bluetooth proxy in place, `ha_tuya_ble` can communicate with BLE devices through the ESP32.

Limitations and Considerations

- Range and Placement:

- The ESP32 should be placed within Bluetooth range of both your Wi-Fi network and the Tuya BLE devices.

- Performance:

- Bluetooth proxies may introduce slight latency.
- Ensure your ESP32 has sufficient performance and is dedicated to acting as a proxy.

Alternatives if Direct Support Isn't Possible

- ESP32 as a BLE-to-MQTT Bridge:

- Use the ESP32 to interact directly with the Tuya BLE device and communicate with Home Assistant via MQTT.
- Requires custom firmware or use of projects like `esp32-ble2mqtt`.

- Custom ESPHome Configurations:

- Create an ESPHome configuration with custom BLE client components to interact with your device.
- May require in-depth knowledge of the device's BLE characteristics.

---

Supporting Details and Explanations

- Understanding Tuya BLE Devices:

- Tuya BLE devices often use standard BLE GATT profiles with custom services and characteristics.
- Some devices may use encryption, requiring additional steps to communicate.

- Tuya IoT Platform:

- Create a developer account on the Tuya IoT Platform to obtain device IDs and local keys.
- This process involves creating a cloud project and linking your Tuya app account.

- ESPHome Bluetooth Proxy:

- Introduced in ESPHome to extend the Bluetooth range of Home Assistant.
- Makes remote Bluetooth devices available to Home Assistant without additional hardware.

- Home Assistant's Bluetooth Integration:

- Home Assistant relies on the Bluetooth capabilities of the host machine or connected proxies.
- Recent versions have improved support for Bluetooth devices and proxies.

---

Caveats and Additional Considerations

- Technical Expertise:

- Modifying the `ha_tuya_ble` integration requires Python programming skills and understanding of BLE protocols.
- Use caution when modifying integration code to avoid disruptions.

- Legal and Ethical Considerations:

- Ensure compliance with Tuya's terms of service and local laws when reverse-engineering devices.
- Sharing modified code publicly may have legal implications; verify permissions before contributing.

- Device Firmware Updates:

- Updating your device's firmware may change its communication protocol.
- Test compatibility after updates or consider disabling automatic updates.

- Support and Community Resources:

- Engage with the Home Assistant community forums for assistance and shared experiences.
- The `ha_tuya_ble` GitHub repository may have open issues or discussions relevant to your device.

---

Conclusion

By analyzing your Tuya BLE device's communication protocol and extending the `ha_tuya_ble` integration, you can add support for your unsupported device. While `ha_tuya_ble` doesn't directly support using ESP32 devices as bridges or proxies, you can leverage ESPHome's Bluetooth proxy feature to use ESP32 devices as Bluetooth extensions for your Home Assistant setup. This allows you to control your Tuya BLE devices without the need for a Tuya Hub or a Bluetooth-capable Home Assistant machine.

---

Next Steps

1. Set Up ESP32 as a Bluetooth Proxy:

- Configure your ESP32 device with ESPHome to act as a Bluetooth proxy.
- Ensure it's placed within range of your Tuya BLE devices.

2. Capture and Analyze BLE Communication:

- Use BLE scanning tools to identify your device's services, characteristics, and payloads.
- Record the necessary data for implementation.

3. Modify the `ha_tuya_ble` Integration:

- Implement a new device class in `ha_tuya_ble` for your device.
- Test and validate the implementation thoroughly.

4. Contribute to the Community:

- Share your findings and code to help others with similar devices.
- Engage with the maintainers of `ha_tuya_ble` for potential inclusion of your device.

5. Monitor for Updates:

- Keep an eye on updates to Home Assistant, ESPHome, and `ha_tuya_ble` that may affect your setup.

---

Feel free to ask if you need further assistance with any of these steps or if you have additional questions. I'm here to help you successfully integrate your Tuya BLE devices with Home Assistant using `ha_tuya_ble` and ESP32 devices.

holchansgomes wrote:

(...) hardware, removing the chip from my downlights, buying another and soldering them.

My question is, will this work? What needs to be compatible, lets say i will buy an esp32 based chip and flash it with esphome could work? What is needed to change the chip? Only matching the GPIOS and thats it? Im lost

Initial Assessment of Available Information

You've discovered that your B1SC-WE21 device uses a PHY6320 chip, which is a One-Time Programmable (OTP) memory chip. This means the chip cannot be reflashed or reprogrammed after manufacturing. As a result, you're considering replacing the PHY6320 with an ESP32-based chip flashed with ESPHome to regain control over your downlights and integrate them with Home Assistant. You're unsure about the feasibility of this approach and need guidance on what needs to be compatible for a successful replacement.

---

Direct Answer to Your Questions

1. Will replacing the PHY6320 chip with an ESP32 module work?

Yes, replacing the PHY6320 chip with an ESP32 module can work, provided you carefully address both hardware and software requirements. The ESP32 is a versatile microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, and when flashed with ESPHome, it can be integrated with Home Assistant for automation and control.

2. What needs to be compatible?

Several compatibility factors need to be considered:

- Electrical Compatibility: Ensure that voltage levels, power supply, and signal logic levels are compatible between the ESP32 and your existing downlight circuitry.

- Physical Compatibility: The ESP32 module should physically fit within the device's enclosure, and connections must be properly managed.

- Functional Compatibility: The ESP32 must be capable of replicating the control signals (e.g., PWM for dimming, GPIOs for on/off control) required by your downlights.

3. Is matching the GPIOs sufficient for the chip replacement?

Matching GPIOs is essential but not the only requirement. You must also consider power requirements, signal levels, communication protocols, and ensure that the ESP32's firmware is configured correctly to replicate the original chip's functionality.

---

Detailed Problem Analysis

Understanding the Original Hardware

- PHY6320 Chip:
- A Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module commonly used in Tuya devices.
- Features One-Time Programmable memory, making it immutable after manufacturing.
- Controls the downlight's functions (e.g., power, brightness) through specific pins and protocols.

- Downlight Circuitry:
- Includes LEDs, possibly driven by an LED driver or directly controlled via PWM signals.
- May have specific voltage and current requirements.

ESP32 as a Replacement

- ESP32 Module:
- A powerful microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity.
- Supports custom firmware like ESPHome for home automation integration.
- Provides multiple GPIOs, PWM outputs, and communication interfaces (I2C, SPI, UART).

Hardware Compatibility Considerations

1. Voltage and Power Requirements:
- ESP32 Voltage: Operates at 3.3V logic level.
- Power Supply: Ensure the existing power supply can provide adequate current for the ESP32 (consider peaks during Wi-Fi transmission).

2. GPIO Mapping:
- Functionality: Determine which PHY6320 pins are responsible for controlling the downlight functions.
- Mapping: Map these functions to ESP32 GPIOs, ensuring that the ESP32 can drive the required signals.

3. Physical Constraints:
- Size and Form Factor: The ESP32 module must fit within the downlight's enclosure.
- Connection Points: Adapt the ESP32's pinout to align with the existing PCB pads or use jumper wires for connections.

Software Compatibility and Configuration

1. ESPHome Firmware:
- An open-source solution that simplifies programming the ESP32 for home automation purposes.
- Provides components for controlling lights, sensors, and other devices.

2. Replicating Control Signals:
- PWM Control: Use ESP32's PWM outputs to control LED brightness.
- GPIO Control: Utilize GPIOs for on/off functionality or other control signals.

3. Integration with Home Assistant:
- The ESPHome-flashed ESP32 can be easily integrated with Home Assistant, allowing for automation and control.

Challenges and Potential Issues

- Signal Level Mismatch: Ensure that signal levels between the ESP32 and the downlight circuitry are compatible to prevent damage.

- Unknown Communication Protocols:
- If the downlight uses proprietary protocols or communication methods, replicating these may require additional reverse engineering.

- Hardware Modifications:
- Soldering and desoldering surface-mounted components require skill and appropriate equipment.
- Risk of damaging the PCB or other components during the replacement process.

---

Practical Guidelines

Step 1: Assess the Existing Downlight Hardware

- Disassemble the Downlight:
- Carefully open the device to access the PCB and components.
- Document the disassembly process for reassembly.

- Identify Key Components and Connections:
- Locate the PHY6320 chip and note its connections to other components.
- Use a multimeter to trace connections if necessary.

- Obtain Datasheets:
- Acquire the PHY6320 datasheet to understand its pinout and functionality.
- Compare with the ESP32's datasheet to plan the GPIO mapping.

Step 2: Plan the ESP32 Integration

- Select an Appropriate ESP32 Module:
- Choose a module that fits physically and has the necessary features (e.g., ESP32-WROOM-32).

- Map GPIOs and Functions:
- Create a mapping between the PHY6320 pins and ESP32 GPIOs.
- Ensure that the ESP32 can replicate the required control signals.

- Design Connection Interfaces:
- Decide whether to solder the ESP32 directly to the PCB or use adapter wires.
- Consider creating a custom PCB if appropriate.

Step 3: Develop and Flash ESPHome Firmware

- Set Up ESPHome:
- Install ESPHome on your computer and prepare to write a configuration file.

- Create ESPHome Configuration:
- Define device settings, Wi-Fi credentials, and enable necessary components.
- Example configuration:



- Flash the ESP32:
- Connect the ESP32 to your computer and upload the ESPHome configuration.

Step 4: Hardware Modification and Installation

- Remove the PHY6320 Chip:
- Use appropriate desoldering tools (e.g., hot air station) to remove the chip carefully.

- Prepare the ESP32 Module:
- Solder header pins or wires to the necessary GPIOs on the ESP32.

- Connect ESP32 to the Downlight PCB:
- Solder the wires from the ESP32 to the corresponding points on the PCB.
- Ensure solid and clean solder joints to prevent connectivity issues.

- Secure the ESP32 Module:
- Physically secure the ESP32 within the downlight enclosure, ensuring it doesn't interfere with other components.

Step 5: Testing and Troubleshooting

- Initial Power-On Test:
- Power the modified downlight and observe the ESP32 startup.
- Check for any signs of malfunction (e.g., overheating, smoke).

- Connectivity Test:
- Verify that the ESP32 connects to your Wi-Fi network.
- Ensure it appears in Home Assistant via the ESPHome integration.

- Functional Test:
- Use Home Assistant to control the downlight (e.g., turn on/off, adjust brightness).
- Monitor the ESPHome logs for any errors.

- Troubleshooting:
- If functionality isn't as expected, double-check your GPIO mappings and soldering connections.
- Use a multimeter to verify electrical connections and signal outputs.

---

Potential Challenges and Solutions

- Voltage Level Differences:
- If the original circuitry operates at a different voltage, use voltage level converters or adjust the power supply.

- Insufficient GPIOs or PWM Channels:
- The ESP32 has multiple GPIOs and PWM channels, but ensure they meet your specific needs.
- If additional outputs are required, consider using I/O expanders.

- Space Constraints:
- If space is limited, use a smaller ESP32 module, such as the ESP32-Pico, which integrates required components into a smaller package.

- Heat Management:
- Ensure that the added ESP32 doesn't cause overheating within the enclosure.
- Adequate ventilation or heat sinking may be necessary.

---

Recommendations

- Skill Assessment:
- Evaluate your proficiency in soldering and working with surface-mount devices.
- If necessary, practice on spare PCBs or seek assistance from someone with more experience.

- Backup Plan:
- Be prepared for potential failure or unintended damage to the downlight.
- Consider the cost-benefit of replacing the entire unit versus modifying it.

- Documentation:
- Keep detailed notes and diagrams of your modifications for future reference or troubleshooting.

- Community Resources:
- Seek out community forums and projects where others have undertaken similar modifications.
- Platforms like GitHub, Hackaday, or the Home Assistant community may have valuable insights.

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Conclusion

Replacing the PHY6320 chip with an ESP32 module in your downlights is a feasible solution to regain control and integrate with Home Assistant. It involves careful consideration of hardware compatibility, precise physical modifications, and proper firmware configuration using ESPHome. By addressing the electrical, physical, and software aspects, you can successfully repurpose your downlights.

---

Suggestions for Further Research

- Explore Similar Projects:
- Look for online tutorials or case studies of similar chip replacements in smart devices.

- Learn About ESPHome Capabilities:
- Delve deeper into ESPHome documentation to customize functionality according to your needs.

- Understand LED Driver Requirements:
- Research the specific requirements of the LEDs or LED drivers used in your downlights to ensure compatible control signals.

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Practical Guidelines

- Safety First:
- Always disconnect power before performing any hardware modifications.
- Use appropriate personal protective equipment (e.g., safety glasses).

- Testing Setup:
- Before final assembly, test the ESP32 and downlight functionality externally to ensure everything works correctly.

- Software Updates:
- Keep your ESPHome and Home Assistant installations up to date for the latest features and security improvements.

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Possible Disclaimers

- Risk of Damage:
- Modifying hardware can lead to irreparable damage if not done correctly.

- Warranty Voidance:
- Such modifications will void any existing warranties on your downlights.

- Liability:
- Proceed at your own risk; ensure you are confident in your abilities or consult a professional.

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Final Thoughts

Transitioning your downlights to use an ESP32 module offers enhanced control and integration capabilities. While the process is technically challenging, it can be a rewarding project that enhances your understanding of electronics and home automation systems. Should you encounter any obstacles or require further clarification, don't hesitate to reach out for assistance.

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Feel free to ask any additional questions or seek clarification on any step. I'm here to help guide you through this process.

holchansgomes wrote:

So to reverse engineer that i would need an ocilloscope or a multimeter, or both ?

Direct Answer to Your Question

To reverse engineer the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol used by your Tuya device, you do not necessarily need an oscilloscope or a multimeter. Instead, software tools like BLE scanning applications and sniffers are more appropriate for capturing and analyzing the wireless communication between your device and the Tuya app. However, a multimeter or oscilloscope may be helpful for hardware-level diagnostics if you plan to modify the physical device or troubleshoot hardware issues.

---

Detailed Problem Analysis

Understanding Reverse Engineering of BLE Devices

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices communicate wirelessly using standardized protocols. To reverse engineer these protocols, your primary goal is to intercept and understand the data being exchanged over the air between the device and its controlling application.

Software Tools for BLE Reverse Engineering

1. BLE Scanning Applications:

- nRF Connect (Android/iOS):
- Allows you to scan for BLE devices, connect to them, and explore their services and characteristics.
- Can read and write to characteristics if they are not protected.

- LightBlue (iOS):
- Similar functionalities to nRF Connect, with an intuitive interface for discovering and interacting with BLE peripherals.

2. BLE Sniffing Tools:

- BLE Sniffer Hardware:
- Devices like the nRF52840 USB Dongle or Ubertooth One can capture BLE packets exchanged between your device and app.

- Wireshark with BLE Support:
- A network protocol analyzer that, when used with compatible hardware, can decode BLE traffic for detailed analysis.

3. System Tools and Libraries:

- Linux `bluetoothctl`:
- Command-line tool for interacting with BLE devices at a low level.

- Python Libraries:
- Bleak: A GATT client software for Python that allows you to interact with BLE devices asynchronously.
- pybluez: Python extension module allowing access to system Bluetooth resources.

4. Android Debugging:

- Bluetooth HCI Snoop Log:
- On Android devices, you can enable Bluetooth HCI snooping to capture BLE traffic that can later be analyzed with Wireshark.

Steps to Reverse Engineer BLE Communication

1. Capture BLE Traffic:

- Set Up Sniffing Environment:
- Use a BLE sniffer device installed on a computer to intercept BLE communications.

- Perform Device Operations:
- Use the Tuya app to control your device (e.g., turn on/off, adjust brightness) while capturing the data.

2. Analyze Captured Data:

- Identify Services and Characteristics:
- Look for Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) services and characteristics used by the device.

- Decode Messages:
- Examine the payloads sent and received to understand command structures and responses.
- Identify any patterns or consistent data formats.

3. Replicate Commands:

- Reconstruct Communication:
- Use the information gathered to build your own commands that can control the device.

- Test with Tools:
- Use BLE tools or custom scripts to send commands to the device and observe the behavior.

4. Develop Integration:

- Create Custom Integration:
- Write software (e.g., an ESPHome custom component) that can send the appropriate BLE commands to the device.

- Integrate with Home Assistant:
- Use the developed solution to control the device within your home automation setup.

Role of Oscilloscopes and Multimeters

Oscilloscope:

- Use Cases:
- Visualizing electrical signals in hardware debugging.
- Analyzing high-speed digital signals or communication buses (e.g., SPI, I²C).

- Relevance to BLE Reverse Engineering:
- Not typically necessary, as BLE communication occurs wirelessly and at the protocol level, which is better analyzed with software tools.

Multimeter:

- Use Cases:
- Measuring voltage, current, and resistance.
- Checking power supply levels and verifying electrical connections.

- Relevance to BLE Reverse Engineering:
- Helpful if you're experiencing hardware issues or need to verify that the device is powered correctly.
- Not essential for protocol analysis.

When Hardware Tools Might Be Needed

- Hardware Modifications:
- If you're planning to replace the PHY6320 chip with an ESP32 module, a multimeter can help verify connections.
- An oscilloscope can assist in ensuring signal integrity when interfacing with hardware components.

- Troubleshooting:
- If the device isn't responding as expected, hardware tools can help diagnose power issues or faulty components.

---

Practical Guidelines

Recommended Approach for Reverse Engineering

1. Start with Software Tools:

- Focus on capturing and analyzing BLE communication using software methods.
- This avoids the complexity and risk associated with hardware probing.

2. Utilize BLE Sniffers:

- Invest in a BLE sniffer if possible for more in-depth analysis.
- Devices like the nRF52840 USB Dongle are affordable and effective.

3. Leverage Community Efforts:

- Search online for others who have reverse-engineered similar devices.
- Platforms like GitHub, forums, and blogs often have valuable resources.

4. Document Findings:

- Keep detailed notes of services, characteristics, and data payloads.
- This will aid in developing your own implementation or troubleshooting issues.

Considerations for Hardware Modification

- Skill Level Assessment:

- Ensure you have the necessary skills for soldering and hardware manipulation if you choose to replace the chip.

- Safety Precautions:

- Always disconnect power before working on the device.
- Be cautious of static electricity, which can damage electronic components.

- Compatibility Checks:

- Verify that the ESP32 module can interface with the existing hardware components (e.g., LED drivers).
- Ensure voltage levels and electrical characteristics are compatible.

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Conclusion

For reverse engineering the BLE protocol of your Tuya device, software tools and BLE scanning applications are your primary resources. An oscilloscope and a multimeter are not strictly necessary unless you encounter hardware issues or plan to modify the device physically. By utilizing BLE sniffing tools and analyzing the over-the-air communication, you can understand the device's protocol and develop a method to control it via your own applications or integrate it into Home Assistant.

---

Suggestions for Further Research

- Learn About BLE Protocols:

- Study the BLE Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) to understand how services and characteristics are structured.

- Explore Existing Projects:

- Check if there are existing Home Assistant integrations or ESPHome components for similar devices.

- Enhance Skills:

- If interested in hardware aspects, consider learning about using oscilloscopes and multimeters for future projects.

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Final Remarks

Feel free to reach out if you need assistance with specific tools or methods for analyzing BLE communication. I'm here to support you in successfully integrating your Tuya device with your home automation system.

holchansgomes wrote:

(...) ESP module (for example, ESP12F) can replace it

take a look https://www.elektroda.com/rtvforum/topic3816654.html

do i need the multimeter for that? or an ocilloscope?

The board has a PHY6320 on it but the board itself i have not yet unsoldered, so i dont know if there is info on the back of it.

Initial Assessment of Available Information

You are considering replacing a PHY6320 module on your device's PCB with an ESP12F module (based on the ESP8266). The PHY6320 is currently soldered onto the board, and you have not yet desoldered it to inspect the backside. You are unsure whether you need a multimeter or an oscilloscope to compare the pinouts of the two modules and determine if the ESP12F can be a suitable replacement.

---

Direct Answer to Your Question

To compare the pinout of the PHY6320 module with that of an ESP12F and determine compatibility, you will need a multimeter for continuity testing, but an oscilloscope is not necessary. A multimeter allows you to trace connections and verify how the pins of the PHY6320 are connected within the circuit. Visual inspection, possibly aided by magnification tools, and obtaining datasheets for both modules are also essential steps in this process.

---

Detailed Problem Analysis

Understanding the Modules

1. PHY6320 Module

- Functionality: A Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module commonly used in Tuya devices.
- Characteristics:
- Operates at 3.3V logic levels.
- Features One-Time Programmable (OTP) memory, meaning it cannot be reflashed.
- Application: Controls device functions such as wireless communication and interaction with other components on the PCB.

2. ESP12F Module (ESP8266-Based)

- Functionality: A Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller module with multiple GPIOs (General Purpose Input/Output).
- Characteristics:
- Operates at 3.3V logic levels.
- Programmable with custom firmware like ESPHome, allowing integration with platforms like Home Assistant.
- Application: Capable of replacing other microcontroller modules in IoT devices, handling wireless communication, and controlling hardware functions.

Comparing Pinouts

1. Gather Datasheets and Pinout Diagrams

- PHY6320: Obtain the datasheet or pinout diagram to understand the functions of each pin.
- ESP12F: Acquire the module's pinout diagram, which is widely available due to its popularity.

2. Visual Inspection

- Examine the PCB:
- Use magnification tools to inspect the connections between the PHY6320 module's pins and the PCB traces.
- Look for any labeling on the PCB indicating pin functions.

3. Using a Multimeter for Continuity Testing

- Set the Multimeter:
- Configure it to continuity mode (often indicated by a diode symbol or a sound icon).
- Trace Connections:
- Power Pins: Identify which pins are connected to the power supply (VCC) and ground (GND).
- Signal Pins: Determine which pins are connected to other components, such as LEDs, buttons, or sensors.
- Communication Lines: Locate any pins used for communication protocols (e.g., UART, I²C, SPI).
- Document Findings:
- Create a mapping of PHY6320 pins to their connections on the PCB.

4. Comparing with ESP12F Pinout

- Match Pin Functions:
- Align the PHY6320 pin functions with the corresponding pins on the ESP12F.
- Ensure that critical functions (e.g., power, ground, control signals) can be replicated.
- Assess GPIO Availability:
- Verify that the ESP12F has sufficient GPIOs to handle all required functions.
- Note any differences in pin assignments or functions.

Evaluating the Need for an Oscilloscope

- Oscilloscope Use Cases:
- Visualizing signal waveforms.
- Analyzing timing characteristics in high-speed signals.
- Current Task:
- Pinout comparison and continuity testing do not require waveform analysis.
- Conclusion:
- An oscilloscope is not necessary for comparing pinouts or determining basic electrical compatibility.

Unsoldering the PHY6320 Module

1. Accessing Hidden Traces

- Potential Need:
- If PCB traces are on the underside of the module or multilayered, unsoldering may be required to fully inspect connections.
- Technique:
- Use a hot air rework station or soldering iron with appropriate desoldering tools.
- Proceed carefully to avoid damaging the PCB or nearby components.

2. Cautions

- Skill Level:
- Desoldering surface-mount devices (SMDs) requires experience and steady hands.
- Risk of Damage:
- Overheating can lift pads or damage the PCB.
- Alternative:
- If unsure, consider seeking assistance from someone with SMD rework experience.

---

Supporting Explanations and Details

Importance of Visual Inspection

- Identifying Physical Connections:
- Visual tracing helps in understanding how the module interfaces with the rest of the circuit.
- Noting PCB Labels:
- Some PCBs have silkscreen labels indicating pin functions, which can be invaluable.

Role of the Multimeter

- Continuity Testing:
- Verifies electrical connections between points without powering the circuit.
- Resistance Measurement:
- Can identify pull-up or pull-down resistors connected to certain pins.
- Voltage Measurement (Optional at Later Stage):
- After initial testing, voltage measurements can confirm power supply levels when the device is powered.

Potential Challenges

- Pin Function Differences:
- The PHY6320 and ESP12F may have different pin functions and arrangements.
- Voltage Level Compatibility:
- Both modules operate at 3.3V, but it's crucial to confirm this to prevent damage.
- Physical Dimensions:
- The ESP12F may have a different footprint, requiring mechanical adjustments or adapter PCB.

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Practical Guidelines

1. Preparation

- Tools Needed:
- Multimeter with continuity function.
- Datasheets/pinout diagrams.
- Magnifying tool (e.g., loupe, microscope).
- Fine-tipped soldering iron and desoldering tools (if unsoldering).

2. Safety Precautions

- Power Off:
- Ensure the device is disconnected from any power source before testing.
- Static Electricity:
- Use anti-static precautions to prevent damage to sensitive components.

3. Documentation

- Record Keeping:
- Document each pin's connection and function meticulously.
- Take photos of the PCB and module for reference.

4. Testing After Replacement

- Initial Power-On:
- Power the modified device cautiously, monitoring for any signs of malfunction.
- Functionality Check:
- Verify that all device functions operate as expected with the ESP12F.
- Firmware Configuration:
- Program the ESP12F with appropriate firmware (e.g., ESPHome) configured to control the device.

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Conclusion

For comparing the pinout of your PHY6320 module with an ESP12F to assess compatibility, a multimeter is essential for continuity testing, while an oscilloscope is unnecessary at this stage. By carefully mapping out the connections and functions of each pin using the multimeter and datasheets, you can determine if the ESP12F can effectively replace the PHY6320 in your device. This approach allows you to ensure electrical compatibility and plan for any necessary firmware adjustments.

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Suggestions for Further Research

- Consult Community Resources

- Review the thread you mentioned: Elektroda Forum Post.
- Search for similar projects where others have replaced BLE modules with ESP modules.

- Explore ESP8266 Documentation

- Familiarize yourself with the ESP12F’s capabilities, pin functions, and programming requirements.

- Consider ESP32 Modules

- If additional features or Bluetooth capability is needed, an ESP32 module might be a suitable alternative, although it may have different power requirements and physical dimensions.

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Final Remarks

Replacing the PHY6320 with an ESP12F is a feasible project that requires careful planning and execution. Ensure you have the necessary tools and skills for the task. If you have further questions or need guidance on specific steps, feel free to ask. I'm here to support you in successfully completing your project.