We are building our own NAS server

It seems that home solutions should fulfill the basic tasks:
1. be reliable
2. consume as little electricity as possible.
3.It goes into standby when not in use and consumes a few watts.



A few years ago, I was also thinking about commercial solutions, and after thinking and comparing commercial solutions, NAS was created
- ITX board with Intel Atom 1.8GHz 4GB Ram
- small ITX case, capacity 2 disks 3.5 "220 x 214 x 96 mm
- two WD 1TB disks working in a mirror, 1 micro 8GB flash drive with the system on.
What is needed at home:
- server for files for household members (SMB server)
- DLNA server for photos, movies and music - access from any TV and laptop.

After a few tests on this hardware - the choice fell on "OPENMEDIAVAULT" - a linux-based system, everything configured and managed from the browser - what you really need.
The 8GB Pendrive (the size of the bluetooth receiver in terms of size) easily fits the system - basically only for starting, because the whole thing is loaded into memory. For security reasons, the two drives work in a mirror.
It consumes a few watts in standby mode. Basically everything you need and everything from Qnap or Synologic.
When requesting access - several dozen seconds, the system "wakes up" and then works normally. I know that I will hear right away - that low efficiency, Atom heats up, little crumpled, weak network card. If you calculate that the system consumes 60 Watts during operation and a few in Stand By, and most importantly meets its requirements - what more to look for, and the cost is:
- housing with power supply - PLN 80
- a disc with a processor and memory - PLN 50
- 1TB disks 2 pieces - PLN 200
- 8GB flash drive - PLN 10
A few screens like it looks like.


I recommend this solution, it has been working for me since 2016. without any problems.
In the original version, the NAS was connected to the UPS, but more problems and higher operating costs meant that after a year I gave up the UPS. There is no problem with a power outage - 90% of the time the NAS is in sleep mode.

Łukasz_W wrote:

Let me not be groundless:
Last week's Seagate 5TB, damaged two heads out of eight and a sawn surface.
Seagate on Tuesday, IronWolf 3TB, head damage so far, but the previous IronWolf caught a drink on four of the six surfaces.

Drives with odd capacities are somehow more fail-safe.
Regardless of the manufacturer.







That's why I avoid 3TB a lot.

When I was buying my Seagate 4TB, it cost PLN 660 and WD around PLN 1100-1200.

grawastar1986 wrote:

I will ask from a different barrel: what do you keep in such capacities? Privately or on a business basis? I have never exceeded the occupancy of several dozen GB in terms of programs and the system. Various gopro videos have taken the most space.

chemik_16 wrote:

Quote:

the problem was that the i3 550 board wouldn't work with the SAS HP P400 card,

it was not enough to plug in SMbus? so far all SAS / raid controllers worked for me after this action.

This card doesn't have it.

This is an old model that was released in 2006.

pawelr98 wrote:

Drives with odd capacities are somehow more fail-safe.
Regardless of the manufacturer.

There is no rule and relying on such tables is not reliable.
This is my opinion resulting from the nature of the work.

It is a waste of electricity, I opted for a ready-made synology solution. On SSD disks, the software allows recording from 4 cameras, thanks to the domain I have my own Mail server without spam as in gmail and advertising.
I will not mention the other advantages, I will not mention the VPN server or other accessories. Everything on passive cooling.

Quote:

This card doesn't have it.

This is an old model that was released in 2006.

has one in the box next to it everything on the pcie has a smbus - it does not get along with many boards from Intel, with AMD I never had to seal them.

dvo wrote:

You will probably eat me, but I do not have drives fastened to RAID

I only have a system partition in my mirror. The data itself is not in the mirror because the important task of the backup was to protect against ransomware. If the network drive is mapped, the encryption software will handle it anyway (mirror is protection against disk damage). So I decided to make my own "mirror". Data is saved on one drive and copied to another overnight. Obviously, the latter is not visible as a shared resource.

krzbor wrote:

So I decided to make my own "mirror". Data is saved on one drive and copied to another overnight. Obviously, the latter is not visible as a shared resource.

Our solutions are similar. Maybe the mechanism is different, but the result is the same.
I also set up that the data that is copied to the second disk is checked on the fly for viruses or other malware. I can only access this disk from the NAS.

m0n5t3r wrote:

I am at the stage of building NAS.
(...)
Everything works on Xpenology. The network card was needed to update to the latest software version without any combination.

Hello,

Originally I was thinking of FreeNAS but it requires ECC memory so it blew off. On the other hand, paid unRAID does not suit me quite ... I got interested in XPenology ....

@ m0n5t3r have you already assembled your NAS? How is XPenology performing?
What is the issue of updates in XPenology?
And what about installing software, add-ons in XPenology? (isn't Synology blocking installation here?)

Thanks for the answers!

pawelr98 provided an interesting comparison.

I have 6 or 7 SEAGATE drives at home, 3 drives from this company at work (I also have two WD and one Toshiba). I honestly admit that I have never broken any hard drive, and the oldest 80 GB SEAGATE is over 20 years old

Łukasz_W wrote:

pawelr98 wrote:

Drives with odd capacities are somehow more fail-safe.
Regardless of the manufacturer.

There is no rule and relying on such tables is not reliable.
This is my opinion resulting from the nature of the work.

The fact that Seagate has a higher failure rate is also apparent from these charts.

You just have to take into account who made these statistics.

A backblaze company with large data centers.
There, the working conditions are much harder because we have heat and vibrations.

If the disk withstands such conditions, the lighter will also withstand.

I'm not saying Seagate drives are as durable.
What I would like to note is that probably by improving working conditions, the differences in quality mentioned by a colleague can be eliminated.

And I take care of the disks. The costs are not as high as the cost of replacing disks.

romulus73 wrote:

It is a waste of electricity, I opted for a ready-made synology solution. On SSD disks, the software allows recording from 4 cameras, thanks to the domain I have my own Mail server without spam as in gmail and advertising.
I will not mention the other advantages, I will not mention the VPN server or other accessories. Everything on passive cooling.

Now the question.

When will saving electricity pay my colleague the price of this equipment?

This is the reason why you use hard drives and mess with your hardware.

>> And now the question.
>> When will saving electricity pay my colleague the price of this equipment?

Good question! Not fast, company NAS are horendly expensive. The funniest thing is that sometimes US for 4-5 thousand. PLN has a processor .... ARM And NAS for several thousand. PLN have Xeon or Opteron Quad Core (worth wholesale

Our own is freedom, we do what we want, who knows what holes such synology has or what backdoors it has? :)

CC_PL FreeNas works on regular frameworks but the minimum is 8GB.

How about remote access or domain? what sense only for an internal server. I think your friend has a VPN?
"- server for files for household members (SMB server)
- DLNA server for photos, movies and music - access from any TV and laptop. "
It is an overgrowth if this drape is only for these purposes.

You don't need a VPN to access from outside there are other ways to do this without adding funds.
For me it is not an overgrowth. I will not put 8TB disks in my laptop and I have no way of carrying my music library, diagrams etc. etc. At home I only use a laptop so I do not need DLNA

kassans wrote:

Our own is freedom, we do what we want, who knows what holes such synology has or what backdoors it has? :)

CC_PL FreeNas works on regular frameworks but the minimum is 8GB.

I know it works. But due to their file system, ECC memories are recommended.

ECC memory is a bit of a problem.

In general, some motherboards only have them blocked by software.
In some, there are simply no connections and you will not be able to do so.
You have to look for.

Virtually anything can be done on Linux.

I once put Wi-Fi because it broke out in the router.
Some USB card and some combination with drivers.

I don't like Freenas and other similar BSDs.
The lack of NTFS support was as I checked last time.
It was only with Linux that I read the disk and switched to Debian.

I do not need web control.
There is nothing to move there. The bittorent client has a remote client with an application for phones and PCs.
I do not deal with disks, as it was set so it works to this day. Only once was it moved when I removed one additional disk, I removed entries about mounting to given path and SMB resource.

Over wi-fi I only log in sometimes through an SSH client to send a shutdown command.

Pawel I have xigmanas and mount NTFS drives normally CC_PL xigmanas also runs on ZFS and does not need to have an ECC framework. Freenas is designed for servers where ECC memories are present.

Rmulus73 works on a daily basis opensuse ssh remote connections + RDP tunneling and it flies without any additions, all you need is the console and a bit of knowledge

For remote support, a VPN is not enough. It will also be useful to use at least port-knocking.


Again, the ECC is tight recommended but not required. They write that on some rare occasions the matrix may "crash" when using Non-ECC RAM.

But I guess I'll take a chance, because FreeNAS somehow falls out the most interesting from the free OS. Possibly XPenology too. But I don't know the latter - how it works. FreeNAS also has a lot of demand for RAM. I read somewhere that they recommend 1 GB RAM for 1 TB disk. What is also missing is something that QNAP (and probably Synology) has - SSDs for something like a cache. Apparently, it gives a kick, because the most frequently used files are on a fast SSD.

Quote:

Home NAS costs 500 PLN Synology, You buy technology and software.

The software does, only it's not a NAS, but it sneezes. This is a case (some plastic) and something like a Raspberry Pi. Unfortunately, all NAS-based ARM processors are "mula" - they are terribly slow, MZ is unacceptable, I'm surprised that they sell it at all. When a Celeron or Atom in wholesale costs tens of dollars (if I remember correctly, it's 20-30 bucks).

CC_PL the latest FreeNas compilation requires a minimum of 8GB of RAM take a look at Xigmanas something very similar to freenas. I chose Xigmanas because I often need to mount NTFS USB drives

romulus73 wrote:

Your knowledge is poor, You don't pay extra for VPN encryption, you just need to have a public address, how can you set up a server without basic knowledge and blocking data on the Internet, I mean anonymity ..
Home NAS costs 500 PLN Synology, You buy technology and software.
You use shortcuts from the Internet, having no idea about the applications offered by full-fledged servers, now you will probably jump to Google to show your right.

pawelr98 wrote:

I do not need web control.
There is nothing to move there. The bittorent client has a remote client with an application for phones and PCs.
I do not deal with disks, as it was set so it works to this day. Only once was it moved when I removed one additional disk, I removed entries about mounting to given path and SMB resource.

Dude, Your SIM card with your IMEI shows exactly what programs your Torrent client is downloading, that's why such programs were created for phones.
And servers and VPNs were created to maintain anonymity, at the time when EMULE was created, all files were sucked only from FTP servers after a few years Google blocked searching by tags from FTP servers and turned off searching ""
I put such a server in 2000, when the infamous millennium system for the ERTCH 2510 game was created, most of the networks were then based on BNC, do not squeal that the computer with a 400W power supply when working 24h x 360 days is effective (taking into account its efficiency of 80%, you download 0 5KWH from the network) and cost-effective at a cost of PLN 0.65 per KWH and competitive jrest for ARM and 30W processor.
There is a lot to move from the WEB network because the cameras are activated to move and send tags to e-mail and a DHL courier pretending to be standing at the gate is disgustedly down. I have all the programs (automation) on the server, instructions, home control and I cannot imagine my life without remote access. So I conclude that if you do not need remote access, colleagues are just getting started. How can you be an IT specialist or an automation engineer without doing and working remotely?
And if you ask on the forum, many friends will tell you that before 2000, they were just setting up such servers for EMULA, but the electrode was not there yet, but there was win 95 and a 12kb / s modem.

I am entering the 7Mbit / s internet in 2020, it was 10 three years ago but the network was destroyed by lightning.

What 400W? When I had the i3 550 with two drives, the power consumption was 55-65W. Now with matrix and athlon around 100W.
The same power supply. We are talking about consumption from the socket.
A 2007 power supply with a passive PFC, which is not too efficient. Checked periodically with an oscilloscope and internally for damage. Reasonably decent but just technically old.

With such a difference in consumption, when will this Synology pay off?

I once calculated that the 80+ Gold power supply would pay for itself after about two years.
And it is a used FSP OEM (few connectors, you would have to solder), not a brand new one.

As for privacy. What are they going to do? That I am downloading music and series from the Far East with transmission blocked.
Legally legal, if I shared it they could do something there, although questionable. So far, the companies from there can only politely ask the websites to graciously stop sharing.
Only in "their" area they can, for example, arrest the owners of the sites.

I worked with remote access. But after the initial enthusiasm, I found that I didn't really need anything there. With a transmission of 60-80KB / s, I will not even download anything from the outside in a reasonable time.

A simple patent from Hamachi, installed on Linux and connected to one network with other computers.

I have external IP variable and I did not want to think about it. I set up game servers at most and gave the current IP.

I will dig out a statement read somewhere in the middle of a thread.
Why should drives last longer in continuous operation? I am just finishing building a NAS from garbage (Celeron dual core). Now I have set the "savings" parameters so that the disks stop after an hour of inactivity, which seems to be a reasonable solution.
By the way, can I find something more economical on socket 775 than the Celeron e1600?

Why more durability?

No impacts at start-up, no parking of the head, relatively constant temperature.

Generally many reasons.

Energy efficiency can be improved.
In my case, the Athlon has the second core turned off, the clock is twisted and the voltage is twisted.

Celeron 440 was probably a single core, you will get similar if you turn off the second core in this e1600.
At the same time, a smaller FSB can reduce power consumption because the lowest possible clock will also drop.

You do a 24/7 under load test to check the stability and that's it.

Personally, I started playing with Nas4free version 8, then there was version 9 etc .... Xigmanas
at the beginning it was to serve as a DLNA, SMB, FTP server, with time a Torrent client, OwnCloud, came,
last year it was time for a change, there was OpenMediaVault, and a few other distros for testing
at the moment, i.e. for about 3 months, FreeNAS-11.3 works. They recommend 8GB of RAM, but with 4 it also works quite smoothly

Atom D2700 mini ITX board, 2x HDD 2TB, 8GB RAM
running services
NextCloud, Torrent, Samba, DLNA, BACKUP, music stream,
works satisfactorily, come in my spare time, I will test OMV + let's encrypt

[quote = "CC_PL"]

m0n5t3r wrote:

I am at the stage of building NAS.
(...)
What is the issue of updates in XPenology?
And what about installing software, add-ons in XPenology? (isn't Synology blocking installation here?)

Of course, it does not block ... You just have to be careful with updates because for obvious reasons they are not tested + if there is any exotic hardware, there are problems. That's why, among other things, I use an Intel card instead of the built-in one because it works without any combinations on the latest version of Synology's software.
Since Xpenology does not have a Connect ID, it is not possible to access the server via the cloud (which does not change the fact that the software supports DDNS).
I am also not an expert on Synology / Xpenology but it was quite simple + it works fine

chemik_16 wrote:

ps: there was also something smaller in the meantime - but never finished:

the case from the hp t5720 has holes like itx, soldered cooling and wio; p

What is this motherboard ??

Currently I have a NAS D-link DNS-320L, 2x4GB WD PURPLE, or RED, Everything seems to be OK, but sometimes too slow ...

I was thinking recently about the construction of NASA, for example, with "hp thin client t610", the device is going to get for pennies, processors about 1GHZ and from 1 to 2 GB RAM, i.e. parameters much better than such DNS-320L.

krzbor wrote:

Data collected from a smart home also weighs its own.

I have been collecting such data for 2 years, every 10 minutes from 20 sensors every day, each of which collects 4 parameters.
Until today, the uncompressed database has not even exceeded 4GB, let alone reach 1024GB .....

Thank you @ m0n5t3r for the answer! I'll take a closer look at XPenology.

@kassans => Xigmanas, from what I can see, it doesn't support docker containers (maybe you can install it). For example, FreeNAS, unRAID and XPenology have support by default. But I will read more about Xigmanas.

error105 wrote:

krzbor wrote:

Data collected from a smart home also weighs its own.

I have been collecting such data for 2 years, every 10 minutes from 20 sensors every day, each of which collects 4 parameters.
Until today, the uncompressed database has not even exceeded 4GB, let alone reach 1024GB .....

It depends who collects what. I am promoting the topic of a power consumption meter that sends data every 5s - and that is only one source.

procsa wrote:

What is this motherboard ??

http://global.shuttle.com/products/productsSpec?productId=1628
from something like this. I bought the album itself x years ago on Allegro for a few dozen PLN. I was enchanted by the 2 gigabit Intel casts; p
I still have 2 AIMB 275 from a similar source - but for me they are dead - in one of them H61 heats up to sky-high temperatures right after the start, the other one just blows up with diodes and starts the fans. No power on the bridge and cpu.

t610 is still on oem clone e350 - old cpu, 40nm.
Two months ago there were smaller counterparts - Dell Wyse Dx0D for PLN 7
I also have a few. drags 9W after kernel load. It can go up to 20W. With this efficiency, it is an average economic creation.
the advantages - it starts from 10v - can be connected to the battery

I would like to describe my authors' NAS server project.
For the construction, I used:
1. Inter-Tech IPC SC-4100 Server Enclosure, Black
2. Gigabyte GA-H97N wifi motherboard
3. Ballistix Ballistix Tactical memory, DDR3, 16 GB, 1600MHz, CL8 (BLT2C8G3D1608ET3LX0CEU)
4. SeaSonic SS-350M1U, 350W, bulk (SS-350M1U F0) server power supply for housing with pt. 1
5. Seagate Barracuda 4 TB 3.5 "SATA III (ST4000DM005) x5 drive
6. My old 500GB GDD disk (not required)
7.pendrive - usb 2.0 (3.0 quickly went down: /)

The main advantage of the motherboard is 6 SATA ports, the disadvantage is 2 DDR3 slots (max 16GB of RAM). I used in the housing with point 1-6 drives, of which 4 3.5 4GB drives are in the bays, one drive is screwed to the server chassis, and one (the 500GB is suspended). I7-4790K processor. The memory is not ECC server memory, but the device has been working for me for over 4 years and I have never lost any data!
System - Freenas 10, now I have Freenas 11.3 after evolutions
5 disks of 4GB were configured as ZFS, one of which is a redundant disk
disk with pos. 6 (500GB) serves as a jail disk, i.e. for programs that work in isolation from the Freenas system (joomla, wordpress, transmission and minidelna). I set up these programs myself.
The system boots from 2.0 flash drive. I used to have a 2x USB 3.0 flash drive (2x USB - dual boot mode), but as I found out, 3.0 flash drives are not suitable for this purpose due to overheating!

In the case of freenas it's easier to look for some cheap 16GB SSD or something like that.

In the times of Freenas, one flash drive was starting to leave this world and the system could go crazy.
It was only in the fresh air that he returned to normal.

As far as I remember, Debian is calmly satisfied with 600-700MB of RAM, so a 2GB cube would be enough.
I have 4GB because that was what was at hand.

Athlon at 1.5GHz gets a little tired sometimes and cuts transfers a bit if too much is happening at once. At 1GHz, he was already noticeably cutting transfers even during normal operation. You just have to choose where the performance is high enough.
I think I should experiment if maybe 2x1GHz will not come out better (i.e. similar current, better performance).

I will play with this combination with blocking SMbus.
I have to see if it would be possible to run it on a laptop then.
I have a broken laptop and a mPCIE-> PCIE X16 grommet from China.
I plugged in the GPU, it worked.

It's basically free, so it's worth a try.
Some old Core i5 sandy bridge.