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How to Change Firmware on PH-W218 WiFi 8-in-1 Water Quality Tester with CB3S Chip?

Upright6771 13290 99
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How can I change the firmware on a PH-W218 water quality tester with a CB3S chip and get started with Home Assistant integration?

Treat it as a TuyaMCU device and start with the TuyaMCU flashing/setup guide for dpID mapping in Home Assistant; since you already know the datapoints, the integration should be straightforward [#21131597] Before changing anything, make a 2 MB backup with the BK7231GUIFlashTool so you can restore the original firmware later [#21132998] The display should keep working after flashing because the Wi‑Fi module only handles communication and the secondary MCU does the actual processing, so you mainly need to configure OpenBeken to send/receive the right data [#21134253] For the CB3S flashing step, use ltchiptool with TX→RX, RX→TX, GND→GND, VCC→VCC; start the read/flash process and then power the module, trying 3 V first and 5 V if needed [#21134490] If a channel type is missing, you can use ReadOnly or custom MQTT/Home Assistant discovery, and the firmware itself can be updated via OTA to the latest public release when needed [#21132998] [#21137789] [#21137820]
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  • #31 21139961
    p.kaczmarek2
    Moderator Smart Home
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    TuyaMCU (the MCU itself) remembers data between reboots. You need to power if off. You can also enable TuyaMCU queue in the flags.
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  • #32 21140400
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    In display it shows data but no longer in log or web or MQTT
    An OTA update didn't work either
  • #33 21140407
    p.kaczmarek2
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    Well, did you do full power off and on cycle?

    If not, what is your autoexec.bat?
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  • #34 21140418
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    I took some things out so that only this one still stands
    If I get a fakeTuyaPacket 55AA0307000808020004000000FE1D
    Send data from the old log but it will not be updated

    startDriver TuyaMCU
    tuyaMcu_defWiFiState 4

    tuyaMcu_sendQueryState
    setChannelType 1 temperature_div10
    setChannelLabel 1 "Temperatur"
    linkTuyaMCUOutputToChannel 8 val 1
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  • #35 21140446
    p.kaczmarek2
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  • #36 21140956
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    I have now tried the following commands

    uartSendHex 55AA000300010407
    tuyaMcu_defWiFiState
    tuyaMcu_sendQueryState

    Code: Arduino
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    should not
    product_information_valid=0 so aussehen  product_information_valid=1

    here is an old log

    Code: Arduino
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  • #37 21142758
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    Hello
    Unfortunately nothing has changed
    The device display shows all data
    But in web and MQTT everything stays at zero
    I can set hosts manually with fakeTuyaPacket but they are not updated
  • #38 21142761
    p.kaczmarek2
    Moderator Smart Home
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    You have no TuyaMCU communication at all. You must have played around with settings. Check which flags do you have set. Maybe you've set a "use second UART" flag or something? Check your autoexec.bat. Check other settings. Power off and on the device (physically, not restart button)
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  • #39 21142768
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    startDriver TuyaMCU
    tuyaMcu_sendQueryState
    tuyaMcu_defWiFiState 4
    setChannelType 4 temperature
    setChannelLabel 4 "PH Aktuell"
    linkTuyaMCUOutputToChannel 106 val 4

    Which flags should be set can you export them and post them here

    Hinzugefügt nach 8 [Stunden] 49 [Minuten]:

    I have now completely reset again with the command
    clearConfig
    and flashed again, unfortunately without success
  • #40 21144173
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    I don't know what to do if tuyaMcu_sendProductInformation doesn't return the product information
  • #41 21144188
    p.kaczmarek2
    Moderator Smart Home
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    You must have changed some settings, or removed some settings. Maybe you need to set 115200 baud rate for TuyaMCU?

    Or your connection to MCU came loose.
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  • #42 21144217
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    I did a reset and re-flashed which flags should be on
    I have now tested again with the baud rate
    Is there any way to narrow down the error?
  • #43 21144276
    p.kaczmarek2
    Moderator Smart Home
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    Yes.
    1. Set config for baud rate 115200
    2. save config
    3. open web app log
    4. power off (electricity) and on
    5. Are there TuyaMCU messages in the log?

    6. If there are messages, we have progress, if not, do point 7

    7. change baud to 9600
    8. save config
    9. open web app log
    10. power off (electricity) and on
    11. Are there TuyaMCU messages in the log?

    12. if there is still no TuyaMCU messages, you either have "use UART 2 flag" set in flag (remove it) or connection to MCU is shorted or cut
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  • #44 21144328
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    I did the power,
    I disconnected it for 15 seconds,
    unfortunately without success
    For example,
    if I send fakeTuyaPacket 55AA03070008080200040000011636,
    it shows a host but unfortunately this host is not updated
  • #45 21144336
    p.kaczmarek2
    Moderator Smart Home
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    Nordlicht77 wrote:

    it shows a host but unfortunately this host is not updated

    What do you mean?


    Are you sure you have it deselected?
    Screenshot of a user interface displaying checked and unchecked options related to UART configuration flags.
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  • #46 21144347
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    once with and once without

    List of configuration flags for LED parameters with settings related to MQTT, LED, PWM, and others. WWW settings panel with a list of configuration options and flags. Settings list with TuyaMCU Store ALL data checked.
  • #47 21144446
    p.kaczmarek2
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    |And no TuyaMCU communication at all? Are they still physically connected?
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  • #48 21144817
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    Can you query the status of the DIP in MCU
    There has to be some way to isolate the error
    I tested the following commands

    Code: Arduino
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  • #49 21144887
    p.kaczmarek2
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    fakeTuyaPacket fakes the packet from MCU, it won't help here.

    You can query data with tuyaMcu_sendQueryState if there is communication, but I don't see any communication on your log.

    The main problem is that you are not receiving any packets.

    Do you get any TuyaMCU heartbeats?


    Nordlicht77 wrote:
    I did a reset and re-flashed which flags should be on

    I think you don't have physical connection on RX/TX lines between WiFi module and the MCU.
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  • #50 21144988
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    Info:TuyaMCU:ProcessIncoming[v=0]: cmd 0 (Hearbeat) len 7
    Info:CMD:[WebApp Cmd 'fakeTuyaPacket 55aa00000000ff' Result] OK
    Info:MAIN:Time 11472, idle 204160/s, free 68152, MQTT 1(1), bWifi 1, secondsWithNoPing 1, socks 2/38
  • #51 21145018
    p.kaczmarek2
    Moderator Smart Home
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    No, you can't do that.

    You can't use fakeTuyaPacket . It fakes a packet from TuyaMCU to WiFi module. This is useless in your case. You need to get a true heartbeat from physical MCU.

    Are you really sure that you have no shorts (or missing connection) on RX1/TX1? Can you show a photo?
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  • #52 21146858
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    I got further, it was really a small hairline crack because I could only see with a magnifying glass
    I cut off the tip with a jumper wire and bridged this point with soldering
    Now I still have the following problem
    Can you remove the word Toogle from Buttom name?
    There is a limit because of the button, see picture

      Aquarium water quality control app screen displaying temperature, pH, TDS, and ORP values with Toggle buttons.

    My code looks like this so far


    Code: Arduino
    Log in, to see the code


    To set the values ​​for the min and max, I used the following page
    https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/number/decimal-to-hex.html
    and there I selected Decimal to Hexadecimal
    Under Decimal I wrote the host in plain text
    You will then get the result under Hex
    An example
    the first numbers of 55AA03070008 for example of 55AA0307000866020004000000FA77 remain the same in this case
    The 66 is the number of TuyaMCU dpID in hex in plain text 102
    The next numbers of 55AA0307000866020004000000FA77 i.e. 0200040000 remain
    The 00FA in the number of TuyaMCU value in Hex in plain text 250
    The next numbers from 55AA0307000866020004000000FA77 i.e. 77 is the checksum
    This must be converted on the page
    https://www.scadacore.com/tools/programming-calculators/online-checksum-calculator/
    To do this, take the result of the hex without the last two numbers in this case 55AA0307000866020004000000FA
    inserts it under Hex Input
    Then press AnalyzeDataHex
    Under AnalyzeDataHex there is the checksum, i.e. the last two numbers
    I then inserted this host under config-> Execute custom command with fakeTuyaPacket 55AA0307000866020004000000FA77
    Here is my fakeTuyaPacket with positive feedback
    fakeTuyaPacket 55AA0307000866020004000000FA77    id 121
    Info:TuyaMCU processIncoming[v=3]: cmd 7 (State) len 15
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: id 102 type 2-val len 4
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: int32 250
    Info:GEN:CHANNEL_Set channel 2 has changed to 250 (flags 0)
    Info:MQTT:Channel has changed! Publishing 250 to channel 2
    Info:MQTT publishing val 250 to obk0DE017Cuuuu/2/get retain=0

    fakeTuyaPacket 55AA0307000867020004000000E664
    Info:TuyaMCU processIncoming[v=3]: cmd 7 (State) len 15
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: id 103 type 2-val len 4
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: int32 230
    Info:GEN:CHANNEL_Set channel 3 has changed to 230 (flags 0)
    Info:MQTT:Channel has changed! Publishing 230 to channel 3
    Info:MQTT publishing val 230 to obk0DE017Cuuuu/3/get retain=0
    Info:TuyaMCU processIncoming: discarding packet bad expected checksum, expected 119 and got checksum 228

    fakeTuyaPacket 55AA030700086B02000400000320A5
    Info:TuyaMCU processIncoming[v=3]: cmd 7 (State) len 15
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: id 107 type 2-val len 4
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: int32 800
    Info:GEN:CHANNEL_Set channel 5 has changed to 800 (flags 0)
    Info:MQTT:Channel has changed! Publishing 800 to channel 5
    Info:MQTT publishing val 800 to obk0DE017Cuuuu/5/get retain=0

    fakeTuyaPacket 55AA030700086C020004000002BC41
    Info:TuyaMCU processIncoming[v=3]: cmd 7 (State) len 15
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: id 108 type 2-val len 4
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: int32 700
    Info:GEN:CHANNEL_Set channel 6 has changed to 700 (flags 0)
    Info:MQTT:Channel has changed! Publishing 700 to channel 6
    Info:MQTT publishing val 700 to obk0DE017Cuuuu/6/get retain=0

    fakeTuyaPacket 55AA0307000870020004000001F47C
    Info:TuyaMCU processIncoming[v=3]: cmd 7 (State) len 15
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: id 112 type 2-val len 4
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: int32 500
    Info:GEN:CHANNEL_Set channel 8 has changed to 500 (flags 0)
    Info:MQTT:Channel has changed! Publishing 500 to channel 8
    Info:MQTT publishing val 500 to aqariumwasserkontrolle/8/get retain=0

    fakeTuyaPacket 55AA03070008710200040000000088
    Info:TuyaMCU processIncoming[v=3]: cmd 7 (State) len 15
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: id 113 type 2-val len 4
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: int32 0
    Info:GEN:No change in channel 9 (still set to 0) - ignoring

    fakeTuyaPacket 55AA0307000884020004000001902C
    Info:TuyaMCU rocessIncoming[v=3]: cmd 7 (State) len 15
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: id 132 type 2-val len 4
    Info:TuyaMCU arseState: int32 400
    Info:GEN:CHANNEL_Set channel 11 has changed to 400 (flags 0)
    Info:MQTT:Channel has changed! Publishing 400 to channel 11
    Info:TuyaMCU:Received: 55 AA 03 00 00 01 01 04
    Info:TuyaMCU processIncoming[v=3]: cmd 0 (Hearbeat) len 8
    Info:MQTT publishing val 400 to aqariumwasserkontrolle/11/get retain=0

    fakeTuyaPacket 55AA0307000885020004000000C864
    Info:TuyaMCU rocessIncoming[v=3]: cmd 7 (State) len 15
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: id 133 type 2-val len 4
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: int32 200
    Info:GEN:CHANNEL_Set channel 12 has changed to 200 (flags 0)
    Info:MQTT:Channel has changed! Publishing 200 to channel 12
    Info:MQTT publishing val 200 to aqariumwasserkontrolle/12/get retain=0
  • #53 21146899
    p.kaczmarek2
    Moderator Smart Home
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    I am happy to hear that you've solved the RX/TX trace problem. As I said, I suspect that is the issue.

    Nordlicht77 wrote:

    Can you remove the word Toogle from Buttom name?
    There is a limit because of the button, see picture

    I can try to organise it better.

    Nordlicht77 wrote:

    
    setChannelType 3 temperature_div10
    setChannelLabel 3 "Low temperature alarm value"
    linkTuyaMCUOutputToChannel 103 val 3
    addRepeatingEvent 15 -1 publishFloat temperatur_min $CH3/10 0 2 
    //set value to Channel 103 TuyaMcu
    fakeTuyaPacket 55AA0307000867020004000000E664
    //set virtual button temp min
    setChannelLabel 21 "Temp min"
    setChannelType 21  Toggle


    fakeTuyaPacket simulated TuyaMCU sending data to the WiFi module. So it's not affecting Tuya MCU. Please stop using this. This won't set anything for TuyaMCU.


    Nordlicht77 wrote:

    To set the values ​​for the min and max, I used the following page
    https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/number/decimal-to-hex.html
    and there I selected Decimal to Hexadecimal
    Under Decimal I wrote the host in plain text
    You will then get the result under Hex
    An example
    the first numbers of 55AA03070008 for example of 55AA0307000866020004000000FA77 remain the same in this case
    The 66 is the number of TuyaMCU dpID in hex in plain text 102
    The next numbers of 55AA0307000866020004000000FA77 i.e. 0200040000 remain
    The 00FA in the number of TuyaMCU value in Hex in plain text 250
    The next numbers from 55AA0307000866020004000000FA77 i.e. 77 is the checksum
    This must be converted on the page
    https://www.scadacore.com/tools/programming-calculators/online-checksum-calculator/
    To do this, take the result of the hex without the last two numbers in this case 55AA0307000866020004000000FA
    inserts it under Hex Input
    Then press AnalyzeDataHex
    Under AnalyzeDataHex there is the checksum, i.e. the last two numbers
    I then inserted this host under config-> Execute custom command with fakeTuyaPacket 55AA0307000866020004000000FA77
    Here is my fakeTuyaPacket with positive feedback
    fakeTuyaPacket 55AA0307000866020004000000FA77    id 121
    Info:TuyaMCU processIncoming[v=3]: cmd 7 (State) len 15
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: id 102 type 2-val len 4
    Info:TuyaMCU parseState: int32 250
    Info:GEN:CHANNEL_Set channel 2 has changed to 250 (flags 0)
    Info:MQTT:Channel has changed! Publishing 250 to channel 2
    Info:MQTT publishing val 250 to obk0DE017Cuuuu/2/get retain=0

    Again - this is only changing the WiFi module values. It's not affecting the MCU. Please stop using this.

    If you want to set the real value of the MCU, then you can consider:
    
    tuyaMcu_sendState [dpID] [dpType] [dpValue]
    

    https://github.com/openshwprojects/OpenBK7231T_App/blob/main/docs/commands.md
    tuyaMcu_sendState will automatically send the packet from WiFi module to TuyaMCU to send the given dpID of type to given value. This will automatically calculate checksum.
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  • #54 21147000
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    have changed it
    Now I only have the problem that not everything is set at the first start
    have it with me
    Tried addRepeatingEvent doesn't work either
    and at temperature I have another formatting problem
    see image

    Screenshot of an aquarium water control interface displaying various parameters such as temperature, pH, TDS, and ORP with status buttons.


    Code: Arduino
    Log in, to see the code
  • #55 21147072
    p.kaczmarek2
    Moderator Smart Home
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    Are you really sure that you want to do:
    
    addRepeatingEvent 15 -1 tuyaMcu_sendState 103 2 2300
    

    This will send forever, every 15 seconds, a command to send dpID 103 to 2300.

    Do you have enabled TuyaMCU queue in the flags?

    If you want to set values once after boot, do:
    
    delay_s 1
    tuyaMcu_sendState 103 2 2300
    delay_s 1
    tuyaMcu_sendState 104 2 1234
    delay_s 1
    tuyaMcu_sendState 105 2 2345
    

    etc
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  • #56 21147250
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    I would have to go
    delay_s 15 go so that the values ​​are all loaded otherwise two or three were always missing
    Now the format problem is still like in the picture Temp Max and Temp min must look like temperature
  • #57 21147300
    p.kaczmarek2
    Moderator Smart Home
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    Maybe just change temperature_div10 to temperature_div100?
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  • #58 21147346
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    Now the point is correct with temperature div 100 but now there are three digits and not two
    with fakeTuyaPacket it was correct

    Aquarium water parameters control interface with buttons and measurement data.
  • #59 21148556
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    tuyaMcu_sendState doesn't run reliably for me;
    it always doesn't set some values ​​after a restart
    but not always the same
    I even went with Deley S 25
    If there is a temperature format error, I'll go back to the two on fakeTuyaPacket
    because otherwise the if loops won't work

    Hinzugefügt nach 7 [Stunden] 28 [Minuten]:

    Hi
    For me the output of TDS not correct
    See photo
    How to Change Firmware on PH-W218 WiFi 8-in-1 Water Quality Tester with CB3S Chip?
    How to Change Firmware on PH-W218 WiFi 8-in-1 Water Quality Tester with CB3S Chip?

    I don't know what it's like @Upright6771

    Hinzugefügt nach 2 [Stunden] 11 [Minuten]:

    Are there the following MQTT values
    IPAddress
    Gateway
    Subnet mask
    Mac
    hostname
    version
    BootCount
    Core
    Updates available
    Online state
    Web interface disable via Mqtt

    What do they think with this image? It is possible with CSS
    How to Change Firmware on PH-W218 WiFi 8-in-1 Water Quality Tester with CB3S Chip?
  • #60 21150277
    Nordlicht77
    Level 9  
    Posts: 67
    Board Language: german
    I tried again with tuyaMcu send State, unfortunately not everything was sent sporadically, see photo after various restarts
    Now have tuyaMcu_setBaudRate 9600
    Added clearIO now the Gui looks different
    Also temperature min and max after changing 2300 to 230 the host is correct
    Now it's just the TDS values ​​that don't match the display
    The status via the Bottom On / OFF would be nice if it could be deactivated using a flag

    Screenshot of an aquarium water control panel with various parameters and statuses. Screenshot of an aquarium control software panel with water metrics. Screenshot of an aquarium water parameter control interface.

Topic summary

✨ The discussion focuses on changing the firmware of the PH-W218 WiFi 8-in-1 Water Quality Tester equipped with a CB3S chip, which uses a TuyaMCU architecture. Users share experiences and solutions for flashing the device with OpenBeken firmware, integrating it with Home Assistant, and handling TuyaMCU datapoints (dpIDs) for various water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, TDS, ORP, salinity, and others. Key technical points include establishing reliable UART communication between the WiFi module and the secondary MCU, setting the correct baud rate (commonly 9600), and ensuring physical RX/TX connections are intact to receive TuyaMCU heartbeat packets. Firmware backup and restoration using BK7231GUIFlashTool is recommended before flashing. Configuration involves scripting autoexec.bat with commands to start drivers, define channel types, link dpIDs, and publish data with proper formatting and decimal precision. Challenges discussed include initial lack of data updates due to connection issues, formatting numeric values correctly, and occasional unreliability of tuyaMcu_sendState commands. Users also explore disabling unnecessary drivers like tmSensor and managing button labels. OTA updates and applying recent OpenBeken commits add support for missing channel types and improve functionality. For calibration reset issues on the original Tuya firmware, suggestions include using the Tuya app's "Remove and wipe data" option. Overall, successful firmware replacement and integration require careful hardware inspection, correct UART settings, and tailored configuration scripts to map sensor data accurately to Home Assistant.
Generated by the language model.

FAQ

TL;DR: With a 2MB backup and the right baud rate, the PH-W218 can be moved to OpenBeken; as one expert put it, "fakeTuyaPacket simulated TuyaMCU" and should not be used to write real thresholds. This FAQ helps Home Assistant and OpenBeken users flash the CB3S module, confirm TuyaMCU communication, and map pH, ORP, TDS, EC, and temperature correctly. [#21146899]

Why it matters: The thread shows that most PH-W218 failures come from power, baud, UART traces, or wrong command choice, not from the sensor hardware itself.

Option Use it for Worked result in thread Main risk
9600 baud Normal TuyaMCU link on this device Stable values reported after full setup No data if the module is miswired
115200 baud Diagnostic retry when 9600 fails Some users saw values, but also more errors Noisy logs and unstable parsing
fakeTuyaPacket Testing parser input only Changes Wi-Fi-side values only Does not write real MCU settings
tuyaMcu_sendState Writing real dpID values to TuyaMCU Correct method for thresholds Can fail if sent too early after boot

Key insight: OpenBeken replaces only the CB3S Wi-Fi module. The PH-W218’s secondary MCU still runs the measurement logic and keeps the built-in displays working, so success depends on reliable TuyaMCU serial communication, not on rewriting the whole device. [#21134253]

Quick Facts

  • The recommended safety step is a 2MB firmware backup with the BK7231 GUI flasher before any flashing, so you can restore stock later if needed. [#21132998]
  • The PH-W218 thread maps at least 17 dpIDs, including 8 for temperature, 106 for pH, 111 for TDS, 116 for EC, 121 for salinity, 131 for ORP, and 141 for RH. [#21131505]
  • The device has 3 built-in displays, and they continue to work after migrating to OpenBeken because the secondary MCU still handles most processing. [#21134253]
  • A practical startup script in the thread uses tuyaMcu_setBaudRate 9600, delay_s 120 on first start, and a 15-second loop for periodic checks and MQTT publishing. [#21203138]
  • For Home Assistant formatting, publishFloat gained a decimal-place argument, so publishFloat ph_aktuell $CH4/100 0 2 publishes 7.40 instead of 7.400000. [#21138792]

How do I start flashing and configuring a PH-W218 WiFi 8-in-1 water quality tester with a CB3S chip for OpenBeken and Home Assistant?

Start by treating the PH-W218 as a TuyaMCU device with a CB3S Wi-Fi module. 1. Make a full backup first, then flash OpenBeken to the CB3S. 2. Start the TuyaMCU driver, set the baud, and map dpIDs such as 8, 106, and 111 to channels. 3. Check the Web App log and only then add MQTT or Home Assistant publishing. The thread’s working examples use tuyaMcu_defWiFiState 4, then channel mapping, then tuyaMcu_sendQueryState. [#21131597]

What is TuyaMCU, and how does it affect firmware replacement on the PH-W218 water quality tester?

"TuyaMCU" is a device architecture that uses a separate secondary MCU to run measurements and local logic, while the Wi-Fi module only handles communication. On the PH-W218, OpenBeken replaces the CB3S Wi-Fi firmware, not the main measurement controller. That is why the three displays keep working after migration, and why success depends on UART communication between the Wi-Fi board and the original MCU. [#21134253]

What are Tuya dpIDs in the PH-W218, and how do I map datapoints like pH, ORP, TDS, EC, and temperature to OpenBeken channels?

"dpID" is a Tuya datapoint identifier that labels one sensor or setting value, such as pH, temperature, or an alarm threshold, and lets OpenBeken bind that value to a channel. In this thread, temperature is dpID 8, pH is 106, TDS is 111, EC is 116, salinity is 121, ORP is 131, and RH is 141. Use setChannelType, setChannelLabel, and linkTuyaMCUOutputToChannel [dpID] val [channel] to map them. [#21131505]

What is the best way to back up the original PH-W218 firmware before flashing OpenBeken, and how can I restore it later?

Use the flasher to make a 2MB backup before you change anything. The thread explicitly recommends the BK7231 GUI Flash Tool for this job, and the same tool can later restore the saved image if you want to return to stock firmware. One warning from the thread: do not share a backup if the device was already paired to Tuya Cloud. [#21132998]

Why does the OpenBeken AP sometimes not appear after flashing a CB3S module, and how can I fix power supply problems during setup?

The AP can stay invisible when the UART adapter does not supply enough current. In the thread, the flashed module booted correctly only after the user switched from a weak UART converter supply to a lab power supply. If the flash succeeds but no AP appears, first check power quality before changing firmware again. [#21134812]

How do I check whether the PH-W218 WiFi module is actually communicating with the TuyaMCU, including heartbeats and query-state responses in the Web App log?

Open the Web App log and look for real TuyaMCU traffic, not just command results. 1. Start TuyaMCU, save the config, and power the whole device fully off and on. 2. In the log, look for heartbeat or state lines such as cmd 0 (Hearbeat) or cmd 7 (State). 3. If needed, run tuyaMcu_sendQueryState and verify that the MCU actually answers. A console OK only means the command was accepted, not that the MCU replied. [#21202813]

Why do all sensor values stay at zero in OpenBeken even though the PH-W218 display still shows readings?

Values stay at zero when the Wi-Fi module is not receiving usable TuyaMCU state packets. In the thread, this happened with wrong mapping syntax, missing MQTT-triggered state behavior, missing product information, bad UART links, and even a hairline crack on the RX/TX path. The display still showed readings because the original MCU continued measuring locally. [#21146858]

How should I choose between 9600 and 115200 baud rate for TuyaMCU communication on the PH-W218, and what symptoms indicate the wrong setting?

Use 9600 baud as the preferred setting for this PH-W218, and test 115200 only as a fallback. The thread ended with a stable working setup at tuyaMcu_setBaudRate 9600, while 115200 produced values for one user but also “a lot of errors.” If neither speed shows TuyaMCU messages after a full power cycle, suspect flags, broken traces, or lost UART connection instead of firmware logic. [#21203138]

What happens to the three built-in displays after replacing the PH-W218 WiFi firmware with OpenBeken, and what still remains controlled by the original MCU?

The three displays normally keep working after the Wi-Fi firmware change. The PH-W218 uses a secondary MCU for processing, so the MCU continues handling most measurement and display behavior while OpenBeken handles Wi-Fi, MQTT, and Home Assistant integration on the CB3S. That separation is why the device can still look normal on its screen even when OpenBeken sees zero values. [#21134253]

How can I send or set alarm threshold values like temperature max/min, pH max/min, TDS max/min, and ORP max/min correctly in OpenBeken without misusing fakeTuyaPacket?

Send real threshold values with tuyaMcu_sendState, not with simulated packets. The maintainer’s example was a short boot sequence such as delay_s 1, then tuyaMcu_sendState 103 2 2300, then another delay before the next dpID. He also warned that addRepeatingEvent 15 -1 tuyaMcu_sendState ... sends forever every 15 seconds, which is usually wrong for fixed alarm limits. [#21147072]

Why is fakeTuyaPacket not the right way to write real values back to the PH-W218 TuyaMCU, and when should tuyaMcu_sendState be used instead?

fakeTuyaPacket is the wrong tool because it only simulates packets arriving from the MCU to the Wi-Fi module. It can change what OpenBeken displays or publishes, but it does not write real settings into the PH-W218 controller. Use tuyaMcu_sendState [dpID] [dpType] [value] whenever you want the actual TuyaMCU to receive a threshold or setting and calculate the checksum automatically. [#21146899]

How can I format PH, temperature, TDS, and ORP values correctly for MQTT and Home Assistant, including decimal scaling and publishFloat rounding?

Use channel scaling plus publishFloat formatting. The thread shows pH published as $CH4/100 0 2, so a raw value like 740 becomes 7.40; temperature used /10, while ORP was often published with 0 decimals. For PH specifically, the maintainer added a decimal-place argument, so publishFloat ph_aktuell $CH4/100 0 2 fixes outputs like 7.400000 and publishes 7.40 instead. [#21138792]

What causes Home Assistant to reject the PH sensor discovery message with 'unit of measurement Ph is not valid together with device class ph', and how can I fix it?

Home Assistant rejects it when the discovery payload still contains unit_of_measurement: Ph together with device class ph. In the thread, a fix was proposed so the PH channel type stops publishing unit_of_meas, and the maintainer later said current releases should not send it for PH. If the error returns, remove the device and re-pair through Home Assistant discovery so stale discovery data is cleared. [#21645909]

How can I troubleshoot a PH-W218 that stopped reporting TuyaMCU data after flashing, including checking UART flags, broken RX/TX traces, and full power-cycle behavior?

First verify physical UART integrity, then settings. 1. Fully cut power for about 15 seconds, not just a soft restart. 2. Check that no wrong flag redirects communication, such as using the second UART. 3. Inspect RX/TX lines closely; one user found a hairline crack only with a magnifier and restored communication by bridging it with solder. If no TuyaMCU messages appear at 9600 or 115200, the fault is usually wiring, flags, or a broken trace. [#21146858]

How do I open the PH-W218 enclosure safely after removing the four visible screws, and where are the hidden clips or internal fixings that still hold it together?

The thread does not provide a confirmed opening procedure after the four visible screws. A later user asked whether hidden fixings or clips still held the enclosure, but no posted answer in the supplied thread explains where those clips are or how to release them safely. The safest conclusion from this thread alone is that the enclosure may have additional internal retention points beyond the four screws. [#21763873]
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