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Energy storage 18650 up to 24kWh class Paragon, Powerwall

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  • #91 21281885
    Anonymous
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  • #92 21281905
    andrzejlisek
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    remzibi wrote:
    100% of humanity would like that, but unfortunately all the warehouses available today have very sophisticated monitoring and control systems, if it doesn't fit - you give up the warehouse, but your neighbour won't - so you can already start thinking about it all the time (if you have something with your head) .


    I guess that's what the thermal protection built into the cell is for. The problem is that it doesn't really do its job in practice. Ideally, this protection should be in the form of a fusible link fuse, which blows if some temperature of the cell is exceeded and thus permanently excludes the cell from further operation. Then it would be almost maintenance-free. Almost, because once in, say, five years, it will be necessary to go in, check all the cells, discard the burned-out ones (they will be visible as cold on the thermal imaging camera) and insert others in their place.
  • #93 21281913
    Anonymous
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  • #94 21281933
    remzibi
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    pawciu-85 wrote:
    remzibi wrote:
    It is immediately apparent that you are still thinking about it,
    .

    ..... But out of curiosity I'll turn the webcam on more than once while I'm out of the house......


    I can understand that, I myself sometimes take a peek at the monitoring outside the home. But very rarely.
  • #95 21281943
    Strumien swiadomosci swia
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    I would sleep soundly as if the whole wall was monitored 24/7 by thermal imaging with alarms.
  • #96 21281955
    remzibi
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    cefaloid wrote:
    ,,Dear colleague let me tell you straight ....
    ... Sometimes with constructive, sometimes with hateful. How do you not know how to deal with such criticism.....
    .

    Yes, I expected all kinds of reactions, I was aware of the controversial nature of the issue and the potential uproariousness of the response. And this thread is indeed a testament to the diversity and exuberance :) , such times :) .
    You can't bear to respond to the heebie-jeebies - then don't heebie-jeebies, and there will be no need to grieve and moan later :) .

    cefaloid wrote:
    ......A returning your particular project and to:
    remzibi wrote:
    smiga wrote:
    .....Finally, you could imagine one camera and some kind of system to move it (two motors - X, Y, like in a plotter).......
    .
    I've previously provided a link here with a prototype of such a solution, but I won't elaborate on it :) https://www.elektroda.pl/rtvforum/topic2398928.html , which doesn't mean someone else can't pull it off :)
    .

    I hope this was ironic. In these days of cheap LFP cells, such solutions with moving thermal imaging are for me straight out of a McGyver movie. Is this written by a man who accuses others of "something with their head"? I will not comment.
    .

    Yes, it was irony :) , I wrote that I would not develop but way to go, but 12 years ago such a project allowed a few new things to be learned and as an educational value once landed on the electrode.
    Why should you not comment? comment only in that thread :) , another thing is that this is a dig from 12 years ago, so these comments may look strange.
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  • #97 21282346
    speedy9
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    >>21281801 .
    Well then you have gone a bit overboard. If you are using LFP cells then I don't see any point in such extensive monitoring and security measures.
  • #98 21282364
    Anonymous
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  • #99 21283088
    toriman
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    Welcome,

    A huge amount of work :) Fact - these links are not that dangerous unless you drive a nail into them. If remzibi thinks he's embracing it - then I don't see a problem especially as he's described everything nicely. Personally, I would not choose to put any kind of storage in a residential building. He's not 'persuading' anyone to do so, he's just presenting a slice of his life. I see it as a 'can do' project. And the rest is standard electrode style....
  • #100 21283457
    daniel93
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    I recommend packing such a structure into an external electrical box 10m from the house - usability is the same and safety is much greater, better to blow the whistle.
  • #101 21283525
    Wojciech.
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    @daniel93 Exactly, if someone has the opportunity and a large plot of land it's better to keep everything out of the house :)
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  • #102 21283526
    Anonymous
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  • #103 21283634
    LEDówki
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    Batteries do not like to be charged in the cold. Only lead-acid can withstand this somehow. Alkaline and lithium-ion batteries have to be charged at positive temperatures. Such is the case. The outdoor box must be heated.
    Lithium ion batteries can be discharged in the cold.
  • #104 21285178
    toriman
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    >>21283525 .

    100/100! That is exactly what I would do, and I am not joking. It is a pity, often, to spend your life's achievements on such experiments.

    Regards
  • #105 21290427
    efi222
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    On the subject of negative and positive prices per kWh.
    The more we start saving, the faster the prices will rise.... The balance has to match.
    This is from my observations...
  • #106 21291233
    andrzejlisek
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    efi222 wrote:
    The more we start saving, the faster prices will rise.... The balance has to add up.

    And the more we start to consume, the more prices should fall. The balance should work both ways, so it should be symmetrical.
    It's now unclear whether installing solar panels and electricity storage is to the utilities' liking or not.

    Added after 5 [minutes]:

    LEDówki wrote:
    Batteries do not like to be charged in the cold. Only lead-acid ones somehow tolerate it. Alkaline and lithium ion ones have to be charged at positive temperatures. Such is the case. The outdoor box must be heated.
    Lithium ion batteries can be discharged in the cold.


    Rechargeable batteries in general work less well in cold weather, have less capacity and deplete more quickly.

    Added after 2 [minutes]:

    cefaloid wrote:
    And this is not just about the risk of fire. But even about the various gases that can be released from any energy bank in the house and when, for example, we are sleeping. If the storage facility is in a dedicated building - there is no problem.

    It depends what the temperature is in that building. If it's an unheated outbuilding or garage, there's still a chance of maintaining a reasonably bearable temperature for the ac. And if it's a separate building, you'd have to do some heating during the lowest temperatures outside, so the cost of maintaining the storage goes up.

    Added after 2 [hours] 12 [minutes]: .

    @remzibi
    remzibi wrote:
    After 3 months of testing with half the capacity filled (estimated actual capacity at the moment around 12kWh, once full it will be over 24kWh), the whole thing is working sensationally 🙂 .


    Let's assume that the storage has a capacity of 24kWh. Do I understand correctly that this means that with an averaged or continuous power consumption of 6000W, this storage can give energy for about 4 hours? I understand that, in general, it is the capacity expressed in kWh that is divided by the power consumption in kW and the approximate possible operating time from full charge is obtained.

    Is it fair to say that the storage is the same as a UPS? As far as I understand it, both this storage (and any other similar) and a UPS work in such a way that when external energy is supplied, it is recharged, and when external energy disappears, it is the storage that powers the house.

    What capacity (run time at similar power consumption) and price would a factory industrial UPS of similar dimensions to this storage unit have? I'm guessing that this storage unit came out much cheaper than a factory UPS with similar run time of similar power (or several UPSs connected in series) due to the use of recycled cells (and this is probably the most expensive part of the UPS and storage unit).

    In my opinion, it makes no difference to either the UPS or the warehouse whether it is powered all the time with short interruptions due to a fault, or whether it is powered only during the daytime with a break at night if powered by PV.
  • #107 21291640
    BANANvanDYK
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    efi222 wrote:
    the more we start saving, the faster prices will rise.... The balance has to add up.

    andrzejlisek wrote:
    And the more we start to consume, the prices should fall. The balance should work both ways, so it should be symmetrical.

    The problem in Poland is that the basis of our power industry is coal-fired units. They have to run all the time at a minimum of 10 GW, they cannot be switched off.
    While it is fine during the day, because the rest is generated by RES, they have to be heated up to almost twice as much power for the evening, so that they are shut down again after midnight.
    On Sundays and holidays we have such a surplus from RES that, despite the large exports (3-4 GW), wind farms or photovoltaic farms have to be switched off on sunny days.
    On the first of November there was a 'negative' energy price because it was windy and there were no consumers.
  • #108 21291645
    speedy9
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    BANANvanDYK wrote:
    First of November there was a 'negative' energy price because it was windy and there were no consumers.

    Sockets at graves and electric candles need to be made.
  • #109 21291674
    BANANvanDYK
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    No, what is needed is a kind of management in which it will be PSE that decides on forced energy consumption or forced feed-in (generation).
    There was a peak in energy consumption this morning, at 7 a.m. the price had reached 1,200 PLN/MWh, demand over 21 GW. Today we have very ugly weather, at my place still foggy and no wind. Currently generating almost 20 GW from thermal power, only 4 GW from PV. Already there is an announcement about the mandatory commissioning of all energy sources for this evening.
  • #110 21292492
    p.obelix
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    Energy storage enclosure under construction with visible components and batteries. .
    Such a small snapshot of the construction of my energy storage. Admittedly I'm using off-the-shelf components but there's plenty to do. The main thing is to plan it well.
  • #111 21292545
    LEDówki
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    My energy storage facilities are capacious. One is handy with a capacity of around 12 m³, the other is much larger at around 1,500 m³ and is virtually unused. It was only this year that I got a little busy so as not to mix energy carriers.
  • #112 21292954
    airman
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    >>21292545 >>21292545 .

    1500m³ ?
    when unfolded you have a warehouse 1.5km long x 1m wide x 1m high ? is that some kind of farm ?
  • #113 21292967
    andrzejlisek
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    >>21292954 .

    To get a better idea of how big it is, I counted the volume of the block of flats I live in (dimensions are estimates):
    Height 15m
    Width 10m
    Length 100m
    It came out to 15000m³, which means that 10 such farms or warehouses would "fit" in the block.

    Let's look at it further: a flat in a block of flats is about 2.5m high, two flats stacked on top of each other is 5m. A 15000³ with a height of 5m would take up an area of 300m2², i.e. between 5 and 10 flats depending on the area of each flat.

    Another example: a basketball court and thus the most common size of a school gym according to the internet is about 28x15 (there are several standards, but the differences are small). In such an area, 1500m³ will take up less than 4m, so by eye it will probably be 1/2 to 3/4 the height of a gymnasium.

    I wonder what kind of capacity such a storage has, what kind of power it can give out, and how many average houses or flats can be powered from it for one 24-hour period without interruption. Or can it withstand powering the average hospital, where uninterruptible power supply is crucial? If one were to assume that the measure of a hospital's size is the number of patients admitted at the same time, I don't know what size a 'small hospital' is and what size a 'large hospital' is.
  • #114 21293038
    airman
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    andrzejlisek wrote:
    I wonder what capacity such storage has
    .

    The average density is about 130Wh / kg
    using sand as an example, 1m³ is approximately 1.5 tonnes

    1500x 1.5= 2250 tonnes
    2250x1000=2250000kg
    2250000x130= 292500000 Wh
    292500000 /1000= 292500 kWh
    292500 kWh / 1000 = 292.5 MWh


    ...and this handheld is a modest 2.34 MWh


    Andrzej Sroka, spokesman for the Fryderyk Chopin Clinical Regional Hospital No. 1 in Rzeszów, informed us that this unit consumes approximately 410,000 kWh per month LINK .
    It appears that the hospital will last less than a month.
  • #115 21293134
    sq3evp
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    airman wrote:
    a spokesperson for the Frederic Chopin Clinical Regional Hospital No. 1 in Rzeszów, informed us that this unit consumes approximately 410 000 kWh per month
    .
    Nice - 410 MWh per month, nice nice nice....
    Maybe they could use a small power station.
  • #116 21293152
    andrzejlisek
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    >>21293134 .

    That is, about 800 MWh per two months, while I use an average of 350 to 400kWh per two months. Granted, there are times when the lights and computer are turned on unnecessarily, I'm not a saver and I don't look at power consumption when buying white goods, white goods and computer equipment. It simply has to serve and suit my needs.

    The statement that the hospital uses as much as 2000 times my consumption is impressive. I wonder how many patients or how many patient rooms there are in it. Lamps, televisions in the halls and corridors, do consume electricity, but probably a similar amount as at home. So do electric kettles and fridges, of which there is one for several rooms.

    It is well known that the ED and the emergency room operate 24 hours a day and the machines and equipment there consume electricity, as does the ICU, which has machines that run 24 hours a day. Apart from the ED and the ICU, it's unclear if anything else is absorbing huge amounts of electricity. It would be interesting to know what consumes so much, and how much greater this consumption would be compared to "domestic" consumption in the calculation that one patient room is one flat. Otherwise, if the energy consumption of one average dwelling were multiplied by the number of patient rooms in a hospital, I wonder how much would come out and how it compares with the consumption of the hospital.
  • #117 21293162
    Anonymous
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  • #118 21293200
    airman
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    andrzejlisek wrote:
    while I use an average of 350 to 400kWh per two months.
    .
    That is, it comes out that you're running out of life to drain the energy contained in the storage from your fellow LEDs.

    ...the smaller one is not worth bothering with, you will only have enough for 1 year.
  • #119 21295166
    andrzejlisek
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    @remzibi I recently came across https://www.elektroda.pl/rtvforum/topic4085569.html#21293726 , and we've written before about charging batteries. Suppose you just take apart another battery from an electric scooter and find most of the cells usable, do you also do voltage equalisation before connecting to the storage? Looking at the topic cited, it makes sense to connect through a resistor first, wait until the voltage is equalised and no current is flowing through the resistor, and then connect directly. Additionally, it clarified that any number of cells connected in parallel can be charged as if it were one big cell.

    airman wrote:
    ...the smaller one is nothing to bother with, you will only have enough for 1 year.
    .
    It will be enough for a year of just unloading. However, if this storage facility were to be built beside a river, to which a whole field of solar panels and windmills would be added, the river would drive a waterwheel like those used to drive mills centuries ago, then you could rest assured that during the day or in a breeze you would be able to recharge faster, and also more slowly, because you would be driven by the current of the river. Well, and an unmanned power station was created that could probably power a few houses.
  • #120 21295450
    metalMANiu
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    andrzejlisek wrote:
    Well, an unmanned power station has been set up that could probably power a few houses.

    The problem is that no one but the residents benefit from it.
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Topic summary

✨ The discussion centers on a DIY 48V energy storage system built using recycled 18650 lithium-ion cells, achieving an estimated capacity of around 12kWh currently, with plans to exceed 24kWh. The system is inspired by the "Paragon" class energy storage concept and is designed to power a home for up to two cloudy days or about 36 hours under heavy use. Key technical aspects include the use of a JKBMS battery management system with settings for 50A charge/discharge limits, voltage thresholds between 2.9V and 4.2V per cell, and thermal monitoring primarily via thermal imaging to detect early cell anomalies. The cells are carefully tested and matched by capacity and internal resistance, with a preference for cells from large vehicle packs over laptop cells due to better uniformity and reliability. Safety concerns are addressed through distributed temperature sensors, BMS protections, and housing the storage in a dedicated, fire-separated room. The discussion highlights the fire risks associated with lithium-ion cells, especially compared to lithium polymer cells, which degrade faster and are more prone to ignition. Various opinions emphasize the importance of proper cell balancing, BMS functionality, and the challenges of using mixed or random cells. The system uses a 5.5kW hybrid inverter, with charging managed in constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) mode by the inverter and balancing handled by the BMS. Thermal imaging is preferred over continuous sensor monitoring for early detection of cell issues. The storage is kept in a heated, insulated room to avoid cold-related degradation. The conversation also touches on broader energy market dynamics, such as negative electricity pricing and the impact of renewable energy sources on grid stability. Alternative battery chemistries like LiFePO4 (LFP) are mentioned as safer and more fire-resistant options, though the DIY project focuses on repurposed 18650 Li-ion cells. The overall consensus is that while DIY 18650 storage is feasible and cost-effective, it requires meticulous cell selection, robust monitoring, and safety measures to mitigate fire risks and ensure longevity.
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TL;DR: Magazyn 48 V 14S z odzyskanych 18650 ma dziś ok. 20 kWh, a docelowo ponad 24 kWh; autor podsumował testy słowami: „działa rewelacyjnie”. Ten FAQ jest dla osób planujących rozbudowywalny domowy magazyn PV i szukających realnych parametrów, testów ogniw, progów napięć oraz metod diagnostyki usterek. [#21276258]

Dlaczego to ważne: Ten wątek pokazuje nie teorię, lecz długoterminową eksploatację dużego magazynu DIY, z kosztami, awariami mechanicznymi, doborem BMS i praktyką serwisową.

Opcja Dane z wątku Wniosek praktyczny
Recykling 18650 w stylu Paragon 14S, 48 V, docelowo 40×6 ogniw, ponad 24 kWh łatwa rozbudowa i wymiana ogniw bez wyłączania
Li-Pol po 1–2 latach często „do wyrzucenia” według autora autor odrzucił tę chemię do magazynu domowego
LiFePO4 forumowicze wskazywali wyższą trwałość i mniejsze ryzyko pożaru alternatywa bez taniego odzysku ogniw
Ogniwa z laptopów dużo odrzutów, ok. 50% lub więcej słabe źródło do dużego magazynu
Ogniwa z e-bike/scooter packów odrzut ok. 30%, łatwiej dobrać podobne partie najlepsze źródło odzysku w tym projekcie

Kluczowy wniosek: Najważniejszą przewagą tej konstrukcji nie jest sama cena, lecz serwisowalność: można dodawać sekcje online, szybko wymieniać wadliwe ogniwa i wychwytywać wycieki termowizją, zanim pokaże je BMS. [#21276258]

Quick Facts

  • Konfiguracja magazynu to 14S, 48 V, docelowo 40 stringów po 6 ogniw; początkowo miał ok. 12 kWh, później ok. 20 kWh, a pełna wersja ma przekroczyć 24 kWh. [#21276258]
  • Progi pracy ustawiono konserwatywnie: dolny 3,3 V, górny 4,13 V na ogniwo; BMS ma zakres do 150 A, ale magazyn ustawiono na ładowanie 50 A i rozładowanie 50 A, a falownik ładuje zwykle do 40 A. [#21277727]
  • Koszt osprzętu bez ogniw wyniósł ok. 2200 PLN i obejmował m.in. BMS, ładowarki, rozładowarki, kamerę termowizyjną, koszyki, taśmę do zgrzewania, zgrzewarkę, przewody i końcówki. [#21278634]
  • Autor odrzuca ogniwa, które przy ładowaniu 700 mA przekraczają 40°C; podczas eksploatacji typowy prąd na ogniwo wynosi ok. 250–350 mA, a po pełnym zapełnieniu ma spaść do 150–250 mA. [#21565641]
  • Do kontroli termicznej użyto kamery HT18+, spotykanej też jako GW256; praktyka z wątku pokazuje, że termowizja wykryła punkt gorętszy o 3°C i dwa wycieki ogniw, których nie pokazały sekcyjne odczyty BMS. [#21637020]

How do you build a 48V 14S home energy storage system from recycled 18650 cells in the Paragon style?

Budujesz go jako stojący, rozbudowywalny magazyn 14S 48 V z równoległymi modułami dodawanymi etapami. Autor zrobił ramę przez około 3 tygodnie, użył koszyków na ogniwa, zgrzewanych połączeń, bezpieczników 4 A na stringach i hybrydowego falownika 5,5 kW. Docelowa architektura to 40 stringów po 6 ogniw, czyli układ nastawiony bardziej na pojemność i niski prąd na celę niż na maksymalną moc chwilową. Kluczowe są testy odzyskanych ogniw, selekcja temperaturą i termowizją oraz BMS z balansowaniem. [#21276258]

What is a Paragon-class battery storage design, and why do DIY builders choose it for expandable 18650 packs?

Magazyn klasy Paragon to otwarta, modułowa konstrukcja 18650 inspirowana rozwiązaniem popularyzowanym przez Leszka Kwitka, która ułatwia dokładanie ogniw i serwis bez wyłączania całego systemu. Autor wybrał ten styl właśnie dlatego, że można dodawać sekcje online, wymieniać wadliwe cele w pracującym magazynie i rozłożyć inwestycję w czasie. To ma znaczenie przy odzysku, bo napływ dobrych ogniw jest nieregularny, a pojemność rośnie etapami od ok. 12 kWh do ponad 24 kWh. [#21278484]

How are the cells arranged and connected in this 14S 48V pack, and how is the JK BMS wired to the storage?

Ogniwa są połączone jako 14 sekcji szeregowych, a każda sekcja docelowo ma 40 równoległych stringów po 6 ogniw. Autor podał schemat połączeń do JK BMS 20S z balanserem 1 A, a sam magazyn pracuje jako 14S 48 V. BMS mierzy napięcia sekcji, temperatury i steruje balansowaniem, natomiast ładowanie realizuje falownik hybrydowy w trybie CC/CV. W praktyce autor dobierał stringi pod pojemność i rezystancję wewnętrzną, a środkowe 8 stringów dostało podwójne bezpieczniki 8 A. [#21277727]

What charging and discharging voltage limits work best for recycled 18650 cells in a home storage system, and why were 3.3V to 4.13V chosen here?

W tym projekcie najlepiej sprawdził się zakres 3,3–4,13 V na ogniwo. Autor wybrał go po testach jako kompromis między użyteczną pojemnością, temperaturą pracy i trwałością odzyskanych 18650. BMS ma ustawienia skrajne 2,9–4,2 V, ale codzienna praca jest ograniczona falownikiem do 3,3–4,13 V, a rezerwa awaryjna przy braku sieci schodzi do 3,1 V na ogniwo. Dzięki temu magazyn ma niższe obciążenie chemiczne i spokojniejszą kulturę termiczną. [#21277727]

How do you test, sort, and match recovered 18650 cells for capacity, internal resistance, self-discharge, and temperature before adding them to storage?

Autor stosuje trzyetapową selekcję każdej celi. 1. Sprawdza CID, podnosi rozładowane ogniwa małym prądem i ładuje je z kontrolą temperatury. 2. Rozładowuje, ponownie ładuje prądem 700 mA, mierzy pojemność i rezystancję wewnętrzną. 3. Odkłada ogniwo na około miesiąc i ponownie ocenia samorozładowanie. Ogniwo odpada, jeśli grzeje się nadmiernie, ma słabą pojemność, wysoką rezystancję albo traci napięcie w spoczynku. Stringi są potem dobierane pod pojemność, Rwew, a nawet pochodzenie i producenta. [#21276258]

What is the safe procedure for reviving 18650 cells discharged to 0V, and how do you decide whether to reuse them or reject them?

Bezpieczna procedura polega na bardzo łagodnym podniesieniu napięcia i późniejszym pełnym teście. 1. Autor „budzi” ogniwo prądem 50–100 mA do około 2,8–3,0 V. 2. Zostawia je na około 24 godziny i sprawdza, czy nie ma szybkiego samorozładowania. 3. Jeśli napięcie trzyma, wykonuje standardowe testy pojemności, grzania, Rwew i miesięcznego starzenia. Według jego praktyki około 65% ogniw z 0 V przechodzi pełny proces, a 35% trafia do odrzutu. [#21584666]

Why did the builder choose recycled Li-Ion 18650 cells instead of Li-Pol packs or LiFePO4 cells for this energy storage project?

Wybrał odzyskane Li-Ion 18650, bo są tanie, łatwo dostępne z rozbiórki i dobrze znoszą pracę przy małym prądzie jednostkowym. O Li-Pol napisał wprost, że często szybko degenerują chemicznie i po 1–2 latach bywają do wyrzucenia mimo poprawnej eksploatacji. LiFePO4 było wskazywane przez innych jako bezpieczniejsza alternatywa, ale w tym projekcie priorytetem były niski koszt wejścia, możliwość dokładania ogniw online i wieloletnie doświadczenie autora z 18650 z odzysku. [#21276567]

What is the CID fuse inside an 18650 cell, and how does it affect safety if a cell starts failing or shorting internally?

„CID” jest wewnętrznym bezpiecznikiem ciśnieniowym w ogniwie 18650, który odłącza celę, gdy awaria powoduje wzrost ciśnienia lub nieprawidłową pracę, zmniejszając ryzyko dalszego zasilania uszkodzonego ogniwa. Autor wyjaśnił, że jeśli cela nagle zaczęłaby zwierać, najpierw powinien zadziałać właśnie CID. Jeśli nie zadziała, pozostałe ogniwa rozładują wadliwy pakiet, a potem ma zadziałać zewnętrzny bezpiecznik stringu. To nie eliminuje ryzyka, ale dodaje warstwę ochrony przy lokalnej awarii celi. [#21276258]

How does thermal imaging help detect leaking or overheating 18650 cells earlier than BMS temperature sensors in a battery storage wall?

Termowizja wykrywa pojedyncze anomalie cieplne na konkretnej celi, zanim pokażą je czujniki rozmieszczone w magazynie. Autor podał przykład ogniwa z punktem cieplejszym o 3°C względem tła; po zdjęciu koszulki znalazł mały wyciek elektrolitu i od razu wymienił celę bez wyłączania magazynu. W sierpniu 2025 opisał też dwa kolejne wycieki złapane miesięczną kontrolą termowizyjną, których nie było widać po napięciach sekcji ani po czujnikach BMS. To główny argument za regularną inspekcją całej ściany ogniw. [#21636483]

Which thermal imaging camera model was used for inspecting the battery pack, and what should you look for when choosing one for cell diagnostics?

Autor używa kamery HT18+, występującej też pod nazwą GW256. Do diagnostyki ogniw liczy się nie marketingowy opis, lecz możliwość szybkiego wychwycenia lokalnych odchyleń temperatury na pojedynczych celach i wygodna kontrola całego magazynu bez rozbierania go. W tym wątku kamera miała wykrywać nawet niewielkie różnice i służyła do okresowych przeglądów, które zastąpiły żmudne kontrole mechaniczne. To narzędzie serwisowe, nie gadżet, bo pozwala wychwycić uszkodzoną celę miesiące wcześniej. [#21637020]

What problems can cracked 18650 holders from cheap Chinese suppliers cause, and how can the rack be rebuilt to prevent this failure?

Pękające koszyki mogą osłabić podparcie ogniw i wymusić przebudowę całego magazynu. Autor zauważył w marcu pękanie części uchwytów z jednej partii; problem dotyczył nieoznaczonych koszyków od chińskiego dostawcy, podczas gdy wersje z nadrukami były stabilne. W ciągu dwóch tygodni rozebrał i przebudował magazyn tak, by mechanicznie wyeliminować to miejsce awarii, a uszkodzone uchwyty wymienił. Później doprecyzował, że zbudowanie podstawy z prowadnicami pod koszyki dodatkowo ogranicza ich pękanie. [#21565641]

How much did the frame, BMS, chargers, thermal camera, welding supplies, and other hardware cost, excluding the cells themselves?

Koszt samego osprzętu bez ogniw wyniósł około 2200 PLN. Ta kwota obejmowała ramę, BMS, ładowarki, rozładowarki, kamerę termowizyjną, koszulki, separatory, taśmę do zgrzewania, zgrzewarkę, śruby, przewody, końcówki kablowe i zaciskarkę. Autor wyraźnie rozdzielił ten budżet od czasu testowania oraz kosztu pozyskania ogniw, bo te zależą od źródła odzysku i skali selekcji. Samą konstrukcję ramy wykonał w około 3 tygodnie, pracując po 1–2 godziny popołudniami. [#21278634]

What current per cell is reasonable in a large recycled-18650 home battery, and how does keeping it around 150-350 mA affect lifespan and temperature?

W dużym magazynie z odzyskanych 18650 rozsądny jest prąd rzędu 150–350 mA na ogniwo, a chwilowo może dojść do około 600 mA przy większych skokach obciążenia. Autor opisał, że obecnie cele pracują zwykle przy 250–350 mA, a po pełnym zapełnieniu magazynu średnia ma spaść do 150–250 mA. Taki niski prąd jednostkowy poprawia kulturę temperaturową i ma wydłużyć życie ogniw, bo cały projekt jest zoptymalizowany pod pojemność i łagodne warunki pracy, nie pod agresywną moc chwilową. [#21280164]

How can you add new strings of cells to an already working 14S storage system without shutting it down, and how do you equalize voltages first?

Można to zrobić online, ale tylko po wyrównaniu napięć nowej sekcji z napięciem pracującego magazynu. Autor najpierw wyrównuje wszystkie nowe moduły do około 4,13–4,15 V po miesiącu leżakowania. Następnie czeka, aż cały magazyn będzie w pełni naładowany, czyli też będzie miał około 4,13–4,14 V na celę, i wtedy dopina nowy string 14 modułów. Dzięki temu po podłączeniu praktycznie nie płynie prąd wyrównawczy i nie trzeba używać rezystorów. [#21296653]

What options are there for adding battery storage to a PV system with a Fronius Symo 8.2 inverter, especially if it is not a hybrid model?

W tym wątku nie padła gotowa metoda podłączenia magazynu do Fronius Symo 8.2. Autor potwierdził tylko, że jego własny system działa na falowniku hybrydowym 5,5 kW i dlatego współpracuje z magazynem bezpośrednio. Na pytanie o Froniusa odpowiedział, że nie zna tego modelu i nie potrafi potwierdzić, czy jakikolwiek magazyn da się do niego dołączyć ani jak to zrobić. Praktyczny wniosek jest prosty: najpierw trzeba ustalić, czy dany Symo jest wersją hybrydową lub ma obsługę zewnętrznego magazynu. [#21278020]
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