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RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector

Ganjor86 716122 1593
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Can I turn a cheap DVB-T USB tuner into an SDR receiver, and how can I make it receive shortwave too?

Yes: with an RTL2832U-based DVB-T dongle you can use it as an SDR receiver after replacing the stock DVB-T drivers with the prepared Zadig/libusb drivers and running SDR software like SDR Sharp or HDSDR [#11182116] In normal mode these tuners work roughly from 24 MHz up to about 1700 MHz, so VHF/UHF services, airband, CB, ADS-B, etc. are fine [#13168529] [#12073526] For shortwave below that range, do not connect the antenna straight to the RTL chip; direct sampling is possible but is considered risky and can damage the RTL28xx [#12073526] The safer and better-performing solution in the thread is an upconverter on the antenna input, e.g. based on TA7358/LA1185/LA1186, which users report can extend reception down to roughly 100 kHz–40 MHz [#13135481]
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  • #631 15106990
    mp107
    Level 16  
    Posts: 164
    Help: 19
    Rate: 26
    As far as I am not mistaken, it is only possible that under one USB port it would work as RTL SDR, and under the other as an "ordinary" DVB-T tuner.
    http://m3ghe.blogspot.com/p/installing-rtl-dongle-sdr-driver-using.html
    Quote:
    Note that if you insert the dongle into a different USB port you may have to use Zadig again. It seems that you can change which driver is loaded depending on the USB port used. Sat you could use one USB port for RTLSDR and another port for using the dongle to watch DVB-T with the supplied Windows application.

    But I haven't tried it myself, so I'm not 100% sure if it works.
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  • #632 15107030
    BOOM i ZONK
    Level 22  
    Posts: 593
    Help: 20
    Rate: 72
    @bogi This will likely work as long as $ VID and $ PID are not identical.
  • #633 15118539
    Lisu815
    Level 11  
    Posts: 90
    Rate: 2
    @ lysy1980 what to do next?
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  • #634 15120216
    BOOM i ZONK
    Level 22  
    Posts: 593
    Help: 20
    Rate: 72
    http://www.rtl-sdr.com/tag/zadig/

    On the scrin from the device manager, you had the driver installed not for this part of the dongle (Interface 1 is an IR port, probably) so no wonder that it does not work, you should choose Interface 0 .
  • #635 15129022
    Lisu815
    Level 11  
    Posts: 90
    Rate: 2
    Earlier, I tried to put the driver under both ports and it did not work. It got a mess and I threw everything away as it was. From the beginning they will start with SDR sharp, maybe it will be easier to install.
    So what do I do first? Install SDR or DVB-T program right away?
  • #636 15135621
    Van_Gandalf
    Level 19  
    Posts: 502
    Help: 7
    Rate: 43
    Hello, I don't know if the department is good, if not, please move to the appropriate one.

    I have a DVB-T + FM + DAB 820T2 & SDR dongle (blue)

    I try to run it on SDR Sharp, but when I turn on the start in the program, the computer crashes, jerks with my voice, tears off the mouse, and the monitor turns off every now and then, and the message the display driver has stopped working.
    Something's biting, I care about Sharp's show
    Everything works fine on HDSDR, but I don't like this program
    What to do?
  • #637 15137943
    majsteROMAN
    Level 7  
    Posts: 26
    Rate: 1
    Hello. Well, there are many topics on the electrode about TV tuners from sdr, but everything is mixed up. I would like to gather all the information on this topic. So write to you.
    Here are my questions:
    1) what are the sdr capabilities? Can I listen to cell phones? I heard you can get satellite photos.
    2) what are some interesting sdr programs?
    3) what is the best tuner?
    4) which antenna would be the best?
    5) Could an amplifier be needed for the antenna?
    6) what is the range of the antenna? [/ Img]
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  • #638 15138054
    Xantix
    Level 41  
    Posts: 6483
    Help: 686
    Rate: 1651
    1. I have doubts whether it is possible to listen in on the GSM signal.
    2 and 3 I don't know
    4,5,6. In terms of transmitting sdr waves, it does not differ from ordinary conventional radio. Different types of antennas are used depending on the desired effect. It cannot be said that one type of antennas is unambiguously the best. It all depends on what you want to achieve. Antenna range depends on many factors: transmitter power, antenna type, wave propagation, bandwidth and many other factors, so it is quite difficult to determine.
  • #639 15138152
    majsteROMAN
    Level 7  
    Posts: 26
    Rate: 1
    But I have a question what can I pick up? Because as far as I know it's satellite photos, listen to the taxi or the police, listen to the radio, etc. Are there any other functions? What programs will be useful to me?
  • #641 15151865
    Anonymous
    Anonymous  
  • #642 15158584
    tiqi
    Level 10  
    Posts: 93
    Rate: 26
    Did any of you manage to tune to the FM radio in the range of, say, 90> 105MHz?
    I have weirdos.
    From time to time I hear breakthroughs from the FM radio band on the 10m and 11m frequencies (slightly over 30MHz to 32MHz). Oddly enough, they are not in FM and only in AM.
    Unfortunately, I have no chance of correct radio reception in the 88-108 range. In fact, I manage to catch a few stations but they are terribly distorted. I played with the parameters (all of them) and failed to fine tune. Self-made antenna, something like a dipole from the given diagrams made of original parts from dvbt antennas. Installed on the 12th floor on the balcony. 50ohm RG9CU cable. The tuner also sees nothing on the frequency of the Warsaw DAB + mux. Zero. Silence. The specter doesn't even get up.
    For testing, tonight I was circling the following frequencies:
    145,500; 145,375; 145,794; 144,462; 145.750; 145,775; and on a few from 438,000 to 440,000. I did not catch anything, no conversations, no anything except one short conversation on 144,380 which, according to the interlocutor, was conducted at a distance of about 5 km from me (he gave someone his QTH). Unfortunately, the signal level is 9dB. I don't know what I'm setting up wrong.
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  • #643 15158793
    internick
    Level 36  
    Posts: 3081
    Help: 273
    Rate: 552
    Have you corrected the PPM?

    Insert the contents of the settings from the program in which you receive. Put also a window where there is modulation, synthesis step, squelch.
  • #644 15158852
    lysy1980
    Level 33  
    Posts: 2222
    Help: 204
    Rate: 316
    internick wrote:
    Have you corrected the PPM?


    "Lord, it doesn't affect engine operation"

    First of all, I would check whether the tuner receives DVB-T, FM and possibly DAB with a dedicated program - eg Blaze HDTV, included in most cases with the set. Of course, you should install the original drivers for DVB-T reception included in the set - not downloaded automatically by the system and of course, tests should be performed on a proven antenna - e.g. on the one with which you normally receive DVB-T at home.

    Post a picture of your antenna that you are using.

    PS DVB-T will work, we will keep looking.
  • #645 15159087
    tiqi
    Level 10  
    Posts: 93
    Rate: 26
    For DVBT, I have a signal quality of 90> 100%, strength 100%, all muxs (ATZ antenna, no amplifier, balun with filter). I have already managed to set the tuner. He flashes like crazy! The problem was the frequency of the sound card. It was set to 48000Hz by default and everything sounded tragic. I accidentally set it to 192000Hz and now it's great. In truth, a little quiet and you have to listen, but now it works. I listened to "the city" a bit and in a moment I'm going to get my towel! Those who listen know what's going on (460MHz with chunks). A real wonder that's all! There is FM radio, there is DAB +, it even catches audio from TV. As for amateur radio play, I have a little problem. I noticed that "who and who?" Transmit on a different MHz and receive from another. A difference of several hundred kHz.
    Is there a chance that such a virtual receiver can receive several frequencies simultaneously?
    E.g. 462.000, 462.155, 462.305 and 462.475?
    MHz is an example, but this is how it looks like X speaks on one frequency and Y on the other and they can hear each other and I have to jump freq.

    Added after 14 [minutes]:

    What is the "channel" width in the 440-460MHz band?
    Is there any way to "center" the frequency and find the "middle"?
    I noticed that the example frequency on which someone is transmitting strongly spreads out. It is heard on 434.100, heard on 434.200, 434.300 ... etc. Over 0.65MHz. This is how it should be?

    Added after 1 [hours]:

    I have one more request because google speaks English and I don't really understand this language.
    If someone could explain to me what the following functions are for - I would be grateful.

    NB IF, AFC, NB RF, NR, AGC, NOTCH, Anotch, AGC off,
    I remember something about playing 10m years ago, but I don't want to remember it wrongly.

    NB IF = Noise Blanc Entry?
    AFC - Automatic Frequency Control?
    NB RF - I don't know
    NR - I don't remember either
    AGC - Automatic Gain Control?
    Notch and Anotch - I don't know

    A few more questions for the end and I promise that this week I won't bother you anymore.
    What's better for listening?
    Directional ATZ antenna for DVBT or a self-made half H-shaped dipole?

    Which cable should be used for a distance of 2.5-3 meters? 50oHm or TV 75OHm?

    I understand that the balun (with a filter and without an amplifier) from DVBT is thrown out, right?

    Well, what about SWR? Should I worry about it being only on receipt?

    Oh, I forgot to mention that I would like to create a directional antenna. I cannot go beyond the edge of the roof of the block, so the antenna must be on the balcony. On the right and left side of the balcony I have several staircases, so quite a wide curtain from the north. Fortunately, I have the south side facing the city.

    And the last question: will the DVBT module plugged directly into the USB collect any garbage (interference)? I think that a 100 cm extension to move the module away from the computer is enough, right? I have a small problem when the fan turns on at maximum speed. The noise level, e.g. at 440MHz, increases by a few dB.

    Once again, sorry for the pathology. I will try to analyze the information on the club's websites as soon as possible and speak to someone specific who will help you reach your destination in the future.
    Once again, sorry for the bluff associated with the funny DVBT decoder, but I hold back strongly before buying a towel. I will be bothered by the TX button at the bank, so I prefer to improve my listening session and wait a few months.
    Thanks for all the help.

    Added after 7 [minutes]:

    PS. I wanted to POKLIKAĆ helpful post on (+) for everyone but it writes me that I'm new and I can't. I will repay you in the future.
  • #646 15161655
    don_viking
    Level 21  
    Posts: 562
    Help: 14
    Rate: 136
    My friend tiqi first, write what program you use to receive this radio, you probably listened to the radio with bad modulation and wrong bandwidth setting, so you had a "tragic reception". Secondly, in the band from 28 to 34 MHz, harmonics from the 86-108 MHz band are often heard with these tuners due to the strong transmitters and this is normal. As for transmitting on one frequency and receiving on another, it is nothing else than a traditional repeater or "cross band". I recommend reading the forums for hams about the basics of radio communication. The width of the channel is always dependent on how the services are set and it is differently 6.25, 12.5, 25Khz. As for the antenna, I recommend a dipole or an ordinary quarter, there are schematics to look for.
    Descriptions in English can be translated at http://pl.pons.com/t%C5%82umaczenie-tekstu
    Or whole pages
    https://translate.google.pl/?hl=pl

    By connecting the tuner directly to the port, you can accidentally damage the port, a well-shielded extension cable is recommended. When connecting, pay attention to which port you have the least interference. In my case, there is no disturbance at one port, and at the rest they were different.
  • #647 15161721
    tiqi
    Level 10  
    Posts: 93
    Rate: 26
    Man, I already wrote somewhere what I use. Probably in a different thread, so I repeat the entry:

    The program is HDSDR version 2.70 running under Windows 7 x64.
    It's okay, but for example, yesterday I couldn't catch anything. Barely. Before yesterday, I had a DVBT antenna set on the balcony. Antenna with an impedance transformer with a filter and a tee on the cable. You could hear something, but it was so quiet! My speakers (headphones) are of very good quality (TDK Japan), the laptop is set to max. volume, all sound card settings to max. volume, but callers are heard so softly that I often don't understand what they are saying. Yesterday I decided to put together a different antenna from DVBT (ATZ long directional) to disconnect from the TV installation. I led everything with a 75oHm cable because I was already 50oHm short. Without the balun. Unfortunately, nothing can be heard, although the antenna is 4x larger than the previous one. Today I will build a different antenna.

    I present screenshots of the program and settings:

    RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector
    RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector

    I used this article: http://sq6net.blogspot.com/2014/07/instalacja-rtl2832u-i-sdr-na-windowsie.html

    but for me, point is not working. 14 and 18 of this manual because I was looking for files from the article via google (the article is no longer active) and maybe something is simply missing. Today I am planning to: http://www.genesisradio.com.au/GSDR/
  • #648 15161805
    don_viking
    Level 21  
    Posts: 562
    Help: 14
    Rate: 136
    Click on the "ExtIO" box to the right of the frequency and make a screenshot. From what it looks like you have an inactive window, which is probably why your program is not working as it should. Or if you want, go to this post earlier, I threw HDSDR programs there and SDRSharp below. You unpack, turn it on and they work if you have replaced tuner drivers.

    https://www.elektroda.pl/rtvforum/topic2353101-600.html#15098919
  • #649 15161821
    tiqi
    Level 10  
    Posts: 93
    Rate: 26
    That's what I was about to ask and I even made a screenshot with what I don't understand. And so:

    RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector

    in the field marked in red I have to have DISABLED because the rest of the functions mean that the receiver does not receive anything, not even the FM radio.
    I marked with yellow the parameters that I must have set to max. their values because reducing them causes the receiver to go silent.
    Green marked options that I do not understand, but turning off RTLAGC causes the receiver to turn off. He picks up but everything is distorted.

    Soon I will go to the link you provided and install other files.
    Oh, the buffer only works at 64kB and an attempt to adjust it causes silence in the speakers.

    I would like to add that my biggest problem at the moment is the lack of knowledge of the frequencies on which the mower is definitely transmitting. In truth, I found some municipal services, but there is no chance to set up the equipment on it. Apart from modulation, they also broadcast something encoded, which causes such noises that it is impossible to listen to it.

    ---
    Unfortunately, the substitution ended with an error. I will try to install the entire program.
    RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector
  • #650 15161867
    don_viking
    Level 21  
    Posts: 562
    Help: 14
    Rate: 136
    Do not replace files, just download the program, unpack and turn it on. Simpler for you would be SDRSharp a few posts above are packed and thrown. The service was also described in this topic, you must read the previous posts.
  • #651 15161913
    tiqi
    Level 10  
    Posts: 93
    Rate: 26
    It works the same. The modulation is very quiet. I will check SDRSharp in a moment.
  • #652 15161954
    ArturAVS
    Moderator
    Posts: 26009
    Help: 2295
    Rate: 7712
    Low modulation is the result of the setting. It should be NFM, not FM. Regular radio stations broadcast in FM.
    Each radio transmits on a narrow band (NFM).
  • #653 15161966
    tiqi
    Level 10  
    Posts: 93
    Rate: 26
    I'm testing Sharp right now. The FM radio is loud and clean. I tried to listen to pow. 450MHz and it's still very quiet. I guess it's the antenna thing. I also tried to set something up and messed it up. I switched SampleRate to the highest (SDR received the best on it) and unfortunately now I have this:

    RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector RTL-SDR - an SDR receiver from a cheap DVB-T tuner on a USB connector

    no matter what value I set. Error crashes from highest to lowest.
    Okay, I'll see it as I complete the right antennas for 2m and 40cm. I'm going for materials. Oh, and you were right. Sharp is intuitively easier so I'll stay with him.
  • #654 15162638
    BOOM i ZONK
    Level 22  
    Posts: 593
    Help: 20
    Rate: 72
    Set NFM (narrow) not WFM (wide) ASIO bites
  • #655 15162673
    ArturAVS
    Moderator
    Posts: 26009
    Help: 2295
    Rate: 7712
    Actually, SDRSharp is very user-friendly and less resource-consuming when it comes to hardware. Do as I wrote a few posts above. Since starting RTL2832, I have been using SDRSharp and I have no problem with reception.
  • #656 15207032
    Tomek...
    Level 13  
    Posts: 28
    Help: 2
    Rate: 7
    Welcome. Earlier in this topic, someone mentioned ready-made receivers with upconverters, Chinese inventions and high prices, and I would like to draw your attention to a Japanese invention that has already been released in its second version: Soft66RTL2.
    It is based on the R820T tuner and the RTL2832U chip, with a 50MHz converter
    There are many positive opinions and even a comparison with Microtelecom's Perseus
    Video
    Text

    The prices of both receivers are at the opposite poles and the possibilities of a small box from Japan seem sufficient even for an advanced listening enthusiast. Today, the price on ebay is around $ 40, which is around PLN 160. After the possible (and not 100% certain) addition of customs duties and taxes, it should not exceed PLN 250. I'm tempted to put it in the basket.

    Project author's website
  • #657 15207052
    hadron-collider
    Level 10  
    Posts: 24
    Why overpay? This "Japanese gem" is no different from Chinese since exactly the same components are used. Why pay 250 zeta as you can only 50; P
  • #658 15207340
    Tomek...
    Level 13  
    Posts: 28
    Help: 2
    Rate: 7
    For PLN 50 it is only a noname without a converter, although on the R820T2 and for a Chinese with a converter I have to give about PLN 260-300, so I paid attention to the soft66rtl2. JA7TDO does it with his own hands and I prefer to take something from a man who puts his time and knowledge into it than to something massively tapped. Of course, everyone decides to buy for themselves, or you can also do something yourself.
  • #659 15207526
    hadron-collider
    Level 10  
    Posts: 24
    But then you can buy the converter what you want, or you can make it yourself, as you write. As for "no name" they are great. I once bought a dongle out of curiosity for PLN 30 (a TV set based on R820T and RTL2832U chips + appropriate drivers downloaded from the net). Later I bought an upconverter from a Greek gostek (100 MHZ down). I wanted to listen to the program of the first Polish radio on 225 KHz :P Really everything flies connected the first time, which is important for pennies! Best regards.
  • #660 15207541
    Tomek...
    Level 13  
    Posts: 28
    Help: 2
    Rate: 7
    Well, you can see what it is like. I took up the subject of SDR 2 weeks ago, I want to finally listen to the 80m band after 16 years of break. For now, 2m and the vicinity can be heard and it would be useful to go lower, and because I wanted to have something in one box, I'm looking for something interesting for reasonable money. For now I have LV5TDLX working with different antennas and it's pretty cool, we'll see what happens next.

Topic summary

✨ The discussion centers on using inexpensive DVB-T USB tuners, particularly those based on the RTL2832U chipset combined with various tuner modules like the R820T and E4000, as software-defined radio (SDR) receivers. These devices, originally intended for digital TV reception, can be repurposed for wideband SDR reception from approximately 25 MHz up to 1.7 GHz, covering amateur radio bands, FM broadcast, airband, ADS-B, and more. Modifications such as direct antenna connection to the RTL2832U chip pins enable reception of lower frequency bands (below 30 MHz), including shortwave, though precautions against electrostatic discharge and signal surges are necessary. Upconverter circuits based on chips like LA1186, LA1185, and TA7358AP are commonly used to extend reception down to HF and VLF bands by frequency shifting signals into the tuner's range. Various software solutions including SDR# (SDR Sharp), HDSDR, and dump1090 are recommended for Windows and Linux platforms, with driver installation often requiring tools like Zadig to replace default DVB-T drivers with RTL-SDR compatible ones. Users report challenges with driver installation, device recognition, and antenna selection, especially for frequencies outside the FM broadcast band. Amplifiers such as the FP6L and antennas like Discone or long wire are suggested to improve reception quality. Mobile and embedded platforms like Raspberry Pi and Android devices with USB OTG support are explored for portable SDR setups. The community shares detailed schematics, installation guides, and troubleshooting tips, emphasizing the cost-effectiveness and versatility of RTL-SDR dongles for radio experimentation and monitoring.
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FAQ

TL;DR: A US$13 RTL-SDR dongle with an R820T tuner covers 24-1762 MHz “Band 24-1762 MHz (no holes)” [Elektroda, zabex, post #12073526] and can be pushed to ≈100 kHz with a 50 MHz up-converter [Elektroda, sb8gapi, post #13074101]

Why it matters: One stick lets hobbyists scan HF, VHF, UHF and ADS-B without big radios.

Quick Facts

• R820T native span: 24–1762 MHz [Elektroda, zabex, post #12073526] • Direct-Sampling mod: ≈0.1–28 MHz [Elektroda, methyl, post #13657048] • Typical dongle cost: US$13–15 incl. whip [Elektroda, Ganjor86, post #12076142] • PC spec: USB 2.0 + ≥1.2 GHz CPU [Elektroda, Serwis1, post #13206155] • TA7358 up-converter parts ≈ PLN 15 [Elektroda, sb8gapi, post #13074101]

What frequencies can an un-modified RTL-SDR with R820T cover?

About 24 MHz to 1.76 GHz without gaps [Elektroda, zabex, post #12073526] That spans airband, AIS, ACARS, ADS-B, VHF FM, UHF trunked, LTE and more.

How do I install drivers on Windows XP?

  1. Plug dongle, let Windows load Realtek driver.
  2. Run Zadig v2.1 XP, Menu → Options → List All Devices, choose "Bulk-In Interface 0".
  3. Click Install WINUSB driver. After 5 s SDR# sees “RTL-SDR/USB”. [Elektroda, lysy1980, post #13511327]

I get no DVB-T after installing SDR drivers—normal?

Yes. WINUSB replaces Realtek’s TV driver. Switch USB port or reinstall OEM driver when you need DVB-T reception [Elektroda, lysy1980, post #13511327]

What’s the simplest way to receive 0–30 MHz?

Add a 50 MHz HF up-converter using TA7358 or LA1185. It mixes HF to 50–80 MHz, cost under PLN 15 and sensitivity beats direct sampling [Elektroda, sb8gapi, #13074101; Elektroda, zabex, #12073526].

Can overheating freeze the dongle?

Yes. R820T can reach >60 °C and USB disconnects appear. Resoldering the USB plug and adding small heatsinks stopped lock-ups [Elektroda, mkpl, post #13635115]

Which antenna works best for wideband scans?

An outdoor TV log-periodic or discone on 50 Ω feed covers 50–1300 MHz. For HF add Mini-Whip or 20 m long-wire plus the up-converter [Elektroda, methyl, post #13657048]

Edge case: why does FM broadcast appear at 30 MHz?

Strong local FM images alias into 26–40 MHz when the front-end overloads. Use 88–108 MHz notch or reduce RF gain [Elektroda, mkpl, post #13583266]

Can I scan automatically like a hardware scanner?

Yes. Install the ‘Frequency Manager Scanner’ plug-in for SDR#; it hops user lists at 20 channels /s and logs activity [SDRSharpPlugins].

Is spectrum-analysis possible?

RTL-SDR plus ‘RTL-Power’ or ‘Spektrum’ sweeps 24 MHz–1.7 GHz, 2 MHz steps, ~30 dB dynamic range—handy for EMC checks [majek, 2013].

How do I add HF direct sampling without removing the tuner?

On R820T boards, wire a 1:10 transformer to RTL pins 4-5, select “Direct Sampling Q” in SDR#. This keeps VHF/UHF intact [Elektroda, BOOM i ZONK, post #13914702]
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